The production of $η'$ mesons in the reactions $pp\to ppη'$ and $pn\to pnη' $ at threshold-near energies is analyzed within a covariant effective meson-nucleon theory. The description of cross section and angular distributions of the available data in this kinematical region in the $pp$ channel is accomplished by including meson currents and nucleon currents with the resonances $S_{11}(1650)$, $P_{11}(1710)$ and $P_{13}(1720)$. Predictions for the $pn$ channel are given. The di-electron production from subsequent $η'$ Dalitz decay $η' \to γγ^* \toγe^+e^-$ is also calculated and numerical results are presented for intermediate energy and kinematics of possible experiments with HADES, CLAS and KEK-PS.
The production of eta and eta-prime mesons in nucleon-nucleon collisions near thresholds is considered within a one-boson exchange model. We show the feasibility of an experimental access to transition formfactors.
Data on the total cross sections for the pp -> pp eta, pn -> pn eta, and pn -> d eta reactions and the pp -> pp eta differential cross section near threshold are analysed in a one-meson-exchange model. After including initial and final-state nucleon-nucleon distortion, the magnitude and most of the energy dependence are well reproduced. It is found that the contribution of rho-exchange is larger than that of pi-exchange. With destructive rho/pi interference in the pp case, the model explains quantitatively the pp -> pp eta/pn -> pn eta cross section ratio and the slope of the pp -> pp eta diff…
Using the new set of dd --> eta alpha near threshold experimental data, the estimate of the importance of the nucleon-nucleon correlations for the eta alpha S-wave scattering length in the multiple scattering theory is obtained using the low-energy scattering length model. The contribution turns out to be much bigger then previously believed. The pi-eta mixing angle is extracted using the experimental data on the dd --> eta alpha and dd --> pi alpha processes. The model is dominated by the subthreshold extrapolation recipe for the eta alpha scattering amplitudes. When the recipe is chosen the …
The production of $η$ and $η^\prime$ mesons in photon- and hadron-induced reactions are studied in a combined analysis based on an effective Lagrangian approach in order to learn about the relevant production mechanisms and the possible role of nucleon resonances in these reactions.
The isobar models eta-MAID and eta'-MAID have been used to analyze new data on quasi-free eta photoproduction on the deuteron from Bonn and recent eta' data on the proton from Jlab. In eta photoproduction on the neutron a bump around W=1700 MeV was observed which could possibly arise from a narrow P11 state that is discussed as a non-strange member of the Theta^+ anti-decuplett. In eta' photoproduction on the proton resonance contributions are found that can be attributed to missing resonances in the energy region around W=1900 MeV.
We investigate eta electroproduction on nuclei for Q^2=2.4 and 3.6 GeV^2 in the framework of a coupled-channel BUU transport model. We analyze the importance of final state interactions and side feeding and compare with findings drawn from eta photoproduction. It is shown that in contrast to photoproduction the influence of etas stemming from secondary processes becomes important at high Q^2.
The two-step model with pi-, rho- and omega- exchanges taken into account is applied to investigate the reactions pn -> d eta and pn -> d eta-prime. The existing experimental data on the reaction pn -> d eta are analysed and predictions for the cross section of the reaction pn -> d eta-prime are presented. It is found that pi- as well as rho exchange yield significant contributions in both reactions. The effect of the final state interaction is also studied.
A microscopic calculation of near-threshold eta-meson production in the reaction NN -> NNeta is presented. It is assumed that the eta meson is produced via direct emission and via elementary rescattering processes MN -> etaN of various mesons M = pi, rho, etc. As a novel feature the amplitudes for the latter production mechanism are taken from a multi-channel meson-exchange model of the pi N system developed by the Juelich group which contains explicitly the channels pi N, rho N, eta N, sigma N, and pi Delta. Furthermore, effects of the NN interaction in the final as well as in the initial sta…
The coupled eta-N, pi-N, gamma-N, 2pi-N system is described by a K-matrix method. The parameters in this model are adjusted to get an optimal fit to pi-N-->pi-N, pi-N-->eta-N, gamma-N-->pi-N and gamma-N-->eta-N data in an energy range of about 100 MeV or so each side of the eta-threshold. Compared with our earlier analysis, we now utilize recent Crystal Ball data. However, the outcome confirms our previous result that the eta-nucleon scattering length (a) is large with a value of 0.91(6)+i0.27(2) fm.
The fascinating physics underlying eta and eta-prime mesons can be studied theoretically and experimentally in various contexts. In this presentation we want to turn our attention to two important uncorrelated aspects of this vivid research field which provide yet unexpected challenges or surprises. First we discuss open questions in the theoretical treatment of Coulomb-interaction in the context of reaction processes like p p --> p p eta. Then we review eta - eta-prime and sigma(600) - f_0(980) mixing in the U(3) x U(3) Linear Sigma Model and extract information on eta - eta-prime mixing and …
The coupled eta-N, pi-N, gamma-N system is described by a K-matrix method. The parameters in this model are adjusted to get an optimal fit to pi-N --->pi- N$, pi-N --->eta-N$, gamma-N--->pi-N and gamma-N --->eta-N data in an energy range of about 100MeV or so each side of the eta threshold. The outcome is the appearance of two solutions one which has an eta-nucleon scattering length (a) of about 1.0 fm and a second with a~0.2fm. However, the second solution has an unconventional non-Lorentian form for the T-matrix in the region of the 1535(20)MeV and 1650(30)MeV S-wave pi-N resonances.
A microscopic few-body description of near-threshold coherent photoproduction of the eta meson on tritium and 3He targets is given. The photoproduction cross-section is calculated using the Finite Rank Approximation (FRA) of the nuclear Hamiltonian. The results indicate a strong final state interaction of the eta meson with the residual nucleus. Sensitivity of the results to the choice of the eta N T-matrix is investigated.
A microscopic few-body description of near-threshold coherent photoproduction of the eta-meson on tritium and He3 targets is given. The photoproduction cross-section is calculated using the Finite Rank Approximation (FRA) of the nuclear Hamiltonian. The results indicate a strong final state interaction of the eta-meson with the residual nucleus. Sensitivity of the results to the choice of the eta-N T-matrix is investigated. The importance of obeying the two-body unitarity condition in the eta-N system is demonstrated.
We study eta meson properties in the infinite nuclear matter and in atomic nuclei with an emphasis on effects of the eta coupling to N*(1535)--nucleon-hole modes. The N*(1535) resonance, which dominates the low-energy eta-nucleon scattering, can be seen as a chiral partner of the nucleon. The change of the chiral mass gap between the N* and the nucleon in a nuclear medium has an impact on the properties of the eta-nucleus system. If the N*-nucleon mass gap decreases with a density increase (chiral symmetry restoration) the calculations show the existence of the resonance state at the energy ab…
The $π$, $η$ and $ρ$ exchange contributions to the cross-section for the reaction $pp\to ppη$ near threshold are calculated with a phenomenological description of the intermediate S11 (N(1535)) resonance for all exchange mechanisms. The final state interaction in the $pp$ system is described by realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction models. The sensitivity of the results to the phenomenological models for the $η$-nucleon transition amplitude and the nucleon-nucleon interaction is explored. The $η$ exchange mechanism is found to play a dominant role. The off-shell behavior of the $ηN \to ηN$ amp…
The in-medium mass of the $η^{\prime}$ meson is discussed in a context of partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium. The $η^{\prime}$ mass is expected to be reduced by order of 100 MeV at the saturation density. The reduction is a consequence of the suppression of the anomaly effect on the $η^{\prime}$ mass induced by partial restoration of chiral symmetry. This strong attraction in $η^{\prime}$ nuclear systems does not accompany large absorption of $η^{\prime}$ into nuclear matter. This leads to the possibility of so narrow bound states of the $η^{\prime}$ meson in nuclei to be…
New experimental data are presented on the energy dependence of the total cross sections for the np -> d eta and quasi-two-body pp -> pp eta reactions, where the final diproton is detected at very low excitation energy. Differential cross sections of pp -> pp eta away from threshold show the influence of higher partial waves and a partial wave decomposition is attempted.
We study the influence of the nucleon spectral function on eta photo- and electroproduction on nuclei. Besides kinematical effects due to groundstate correlations, also a modification of the S11(1535) decay width is taken into account, which is caused by the possible decay into nucleons with mass smaller than the pole mass in the medium. Hence, resonances with masses below the free N eta threshold can contribute to eta production.
We demonstrate that the binding energies and widths of eta-mesic nuclei depend strongly on subthreshold eta-N interaction. This strong dependence is made evident from comparing three different eta-nucleus optical potentials: (1) a microscopic optical potential taking into account the full effects of off-shell eta-nucleon interactions; (2) a factorization approximation to the microscopic optical potential where a downward energy shift parameter is introduced to approximate the subthreshold eta-nucleon interaction; and (3) an optical potential using on-shell eta-nucleon scattering length as the …
An isobar model containing Born terms, vector meson exchange and nucleon resonances is used to analyze recent eta photoproduction data for cross section and beam asymmetry, as well as JLab electroproduction data. Good overall description is achieved up to Q^2 = 4.0 (GeV/c)^2. Besides the dominant S11(1535) resonance, we show that the second S11 resonance, S11(1650), is also necessary to be included in order to extract S11(1535) resonance parameters properly. In addition, the beam asymmetry data allow us to extract very small (<0.1%) N* --> eta N decay branching ratios of D13(1520) and F15(1680…
The electroproduction of eta and eta' mesons on the proton and the neutron is investigated at tree level within the framework of U(3) chiral perturbation theory. In addition to the Born terms low-lying resonances such as the vector mesons and J^P= 1/2^+, 1/2^- baryon resonances are included explicitly and their contributions are calculated. Results for the separated differential cross sections are presented.
The dominant decay mode of the eta-prime, eta-prime -> eta pi pi, is investigated within the framework of infrared regularized U(3) chiral perturbation theory up to fourth chiral order and including one-loop corrections. We find reasonable agreement with experimental data and observe convergence of the chiral series.
The photo- and electroproduction of eta, eta-prime mesons on nucleons are investigated within a relativistic chiral unitary approach based on coupled channels. The s-wave potentials for electroproduction and meson-baryon scattering are derived from a chiral effective Lagrangian which includes the eta-prime as an explicit degree of freedom and incorporates important features of the underlying QCD Lagrangian such as the axial U(1) anomaly. The effective potentials are iterated in a Bethe-Salpeter equation and cross sections for eta, eta-prime photo- and electroproduction from nucleons are obtain…
The presently available data for the reaction $γp{\to}η^\prime{p}$ are analyzed in terms of a model in which the dominant production mechanism is the exchange of the vector mesons $ω$ and $ρ$. To describe the data at photon energies close to the production threshold we introduce a resonance contribution due to the well established $S_{11}(1535)$ resonance. Finally we study the contributions due to nucleon exchange to the $η^\prime$ photoproduction and find, that those contributions can be seen at large angles in the differential cross section.
The hadronic decays eta -> pi pi pi, eta-prime -> pi pi pi and eta-prime -> eta pi pi are investigated within a U(3) chiral unitary approach. Final state interactions are included by deriving the effective s-wave potentials for meson meson scattering from the chiral effective Lagrangian and iterating them in a Bethe-Salpeter equation. With only a small set of parameters we are able to explain both rates and spectral shapes of these decays.
The hadronic decays eta, eta-prime -> 3 pi and eta-prime -> eta pi pi are investigated within the framework of U(3) chiral effective field theory in combination with a relativistic coupled-channels approach. Final state interactions are included by deriving s- and p-wave interaction kernels for meson-meson scattering from the chiral effective Lagrangian and iterating them in a Bethe-Salpeter equation. Very good overall agreement with currently available data on decay widths and spectral shapes is achieved.
The importance of Born terms and resonance exchange for eta and eta-prime photoproduction off both the proton and neutron within U(3) baryon chiral perturbation theory is investigated. Low-lying resonances such as the vector mesons and J^P= 1/2^+, 1/2^- baryon resonances are included explicitly and their contributions together with the Born terms are calculated. The coupling constants of the resonances are determined from strong and radiative decays. We obtain reasonable agreement with experimental data near threshold.
The decays eta, eta-prime --> pi+ pi- l+ l- (with l = e, mu) are investigated within a chiral unitary approach which combines the chiral effective Lagrangian with a coupled-channels Bethe-Salpeter equation. Predictions for the decay widths and spectra are given.
In-medium effects in photon excitation of the S$_{11}$ resonance from nucleon and its decay to $η$-meson using the RMF approach is studied. We examine the in-medium effects by varing the Dirac fields of the nucleon and the S$_{11}$ resonance separately. We obtained a conclusion that the Dirac fields of the nucleon, which reduces the nucleon effective mass, enlarge the width of S$_{11}$ resonance, and small Dirac-fields of the resonance shifts the peak position, and these combined effects can explain the in-medium properties observed in the experimental data for $^{12}$C($γ$,$η$) reaction.
With the eta-nucleon (eta N) interaction Lagrangian deduced from chiral perturbation theory, we study the possible eta-mesic nuclei in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory. The eta single-particle energies are sensitive to the eta N scattering length, and increase monotonically with the nucleon number A. If the scattering length is in the range of a^{eta N}=0.75-1.05 fm and the imaginary potential V_{0}-15 MeV, some discrete states of C, O and Ne eta bound states should be identified in experiments. However, when the scattering length a^{eta N}< 0.5 fm, or the imaginary potential V_…
We calculate the cross section for the production of $η$-mesons via \mbox{$ΔN \to N N η$} in a relativistic One-Boson-Exchange-Model. Using this cross section we then determine the probability for the production of an $η$-meson by a $Δ$-resonance moving in nuclear matter. The result is compared to prescriptions in BUU-calculations in which \et-production proceeds both through a direct channel and through the sequential process $Δ\to N π; πN \to N η$.
Photo- and electroproduction of eta, eta-prime mesons on protons are investigated within a relativistic chiral unitary approach based on coupled channels. The s wave potentials for electroproduction and meson-baryon scattering are derived from a chiral effective Lagrangian which includes the eta-prime as an explicit degree of freedom and incorporates important features of the underlying QCD Lagrangian such as the axial U(1) anomaly. The effective potentials are iterated in a Bethe-Salpeter equation and cross sections for eta, eta-prime photo- and electroproduction from protons are obtained. Th…
Eta photo- and electroproduction off the nucleon is investigated in an effective lagrangian approach that contains Born terms and both vector meson and nucleon resonance contributions. In particular, we review and develop the formalism for coincidence experiments with polarization degrees of freedom. The different response functions appearing in single and double polarization experiments have been studied. We will present calculations for structure functions and kinematical conditions that are most sensitive to details of the lagrangian, in particular with regard to contributions of nucleon re…
We summarise recent progress in theory and experiment towards understanding etaprime meson interactions with nucleons and nuclei. Highlights include the production mechanism of etaprime mesons in proton-proton collisions close to threshold, the etaprime effective mass shift in nuclei and the determination of the etaprime-nucleon scattering length in free space.
We investigate the decays of pi^0, eta and eta-prime into two photons in an effective U(3) chiral Lagrangian approach without employing large N_c arguments. Tree level and one-loop contributions from the anomalous Wess-Zumino-Witten Lagrangian are calculated and the importance of eta--eta-prime mixing is discussed. Unitarity corrections beyond one-loop play an important role for the decays with off-shell photons and are included by employing a coupled channel Bethe-Salpeter equation which satisfies unitarity constraints and generates vector-mesons from composed states of two pseudoscalar meson…
The coupled eta N, pi N system is described by a K-matrix method. The parameters in this model are adjusted to get an optimal fit to pi N -> pi N, pi N -> eta N and gamma N -> eta N data in an energy range of about 100MeV each side of the eta threshold. In the notation T^(-1)+iq_(eta) = 1/a + (r_0)/2 q^2_(eta) + s q^4_(eta), q_(eta) being the momentum in the eta N center-of-mass, the resulting effective range parameters for eta N scattering are found to be a(fm) = 0.75(4)-i0.27(3), r_0(fm) = -1.50(13)-i0.24(4) and s(fm^3) = -0.10(2)-i0.01(1)
Various decays of eta and eta-prime are investigated within the framework of U(3) chiral effective field theory in combination with a relativistic coupled-channels approach. Final state interactions are included by deriving s- and p-wave interaction kernels for meson-meson scattering from the chiral effective Lagrangian and iterating them in a Bethe-Salpeter equation. Very good agreement with experimental data is achieved.
We investigate the decays eta, eta-prime --> pi^+ pi^- gamma up to next-to-leading order in the framework of the combined 1/N_c and chiral expansions. Counter terms of unnatural parity at next-to-leading order with unknown couplings are important to acommodate the results both to the experimental decay width and the photon spectrum. The presence of these coefficients does not allow for a determination of the number of colors from these decays.
Photoproduction of eta mesons from nucleons can provide valuable information about the excitation spectrum of the nucleons. The angular dependence of photoproduction in the photon-induced reaction is investigated in the multi-source thermal model. The results are compared with experimental data from the decay mode. They are in good agreement with the experimental data. It is shown that the movement factor increases linearly with the photon beam energies. And, the deformation and translation of emission sources are visually given in the formalism.
Coherent eta photoproduction on the deuteron is studied in the $S_{11}$ resonance region neglecting eta rescattering and two-body processes. For the elementary reaction on the nucleon, we have considered the dominant $S_{11}(1535)$ resonance and as background the nucleon pole terms as well as $ρ$ and $ω$ meson exchange. We have studied the influence of different choices for the neutron resonance amplitude, different prescriptions for fixing the invariant mass of the resonance amplitude and different methods for deriving the elementary production amplitude for an arbitrary reference frame.
The decays pi^0, eta, eta-prime -> gamma gamma are investigated up to next-to-next-to-leading order in the framework of the combined 1/N_c and chiral expansions. Without mixing of the pseudoscalar mesons the N_c independence of the pi^0 and eta decay amplitudes is shown to persist at the one-loop level, although the contribution of the Wess-Zumino-Witten term to the pertinent vertices is not canceled by the N_c dependent part of a Goldstone-Wilczek term. The decay amplitude of the singlet field, on the other hand, depends strongly on N_c and yields under the inclusion of mixing also a strong N…
The isobar model EtaMAID has been updated with new and high precision data for eta and etaprime photoproduction on protons and neutrons from MAMI, ELSA, GRAAL and CLAS. The background is described in a recently developed Regge-cut model, and for the resonance part the whole list of nucleon resonances has been investigated with 21 N* states contributing to eta photoproduction and 12 N* states contributing to etaprime photoproduction. A new approach is discussed to avoid double counting in the overlap region of Regge and resonances. A comparison is done among four newly updated partial waves ana…
Eta photo- and electroproduction on the nucleon is studied using an isobar model. The model contains Born terms, and contributions from vector meson exchanges and nucleon resonances. Our results are compared with recent eta photoproduction data for differential and total cross sections, beam asymmetry, and target asymmetry, as well as electroproduction data. Besides the dominant S11(1535) resonance, we show that the second S11 resonance, S11(1650), is also necessary to be included in order to extract S11(1535) resonance parameters properly. In addition, the beam asymmetry data allow us to extr…
Two different topics relevant for DA$Φ$NE and CEBAF, respectively, are covered. First we analyze the rare radiative eta decay mode $η\toππγγ$ within the framework of chiral perturbation theory at ${\cal O}(p^4)$. We then discuss virtual Compton scattering off the nucleon at low energies. Predictions for the two spin-independent generalized polarizabilities are shown.
The decoupling of the eta meson from the nucleon, as recently deduced from analyzing \bar p p collisions and eta photoproduction off the proton at threshold, is shown to provide an argument against the octet Goldstone boson nature of the eta meson. This argument concerns the structure of the strong isoscalar axial vector current. A vanishing eta-N coupling means a vanishing contribution of the eta-pole term to the hypercharge nucleon axial vector current. Therefore, no partial conservation of the latter can be achieved. This new situation invalidates the octet Goldberger--Treiman relation for …
We develop a relativistic model for incoherent eta-photoproduction on nuclei. The elementary process is described using an effective Lagrangian containing photons, nucleons, the S11(1535) and D13(1520) nucleon resonances, and rho, omega, and eta mesons. The nucleon and eta wavefunctions are obtained from relativistic wave equations. Final-state interactions of the outgoing particles are included via optical potentials. The effects of these interactions are found to be large and lead to reduced cross sections.The incoherent cross sections for isovector transitions are much larger than those for…
We study the $η$NN coupling constant using the method of QCD sum rules starting from the vacuum-to-eta correlation function of the interpolating fields of two nucleons. The matrix element of this correlation has been taken with respect to nucleon spinors to avoid unwanted pole contribution. The SU(3)-flavor symmetry breaking effects have been accounted for via the $η$-mass, s-quark mass and eta decay constant to leading order. Out of the four sum rules obtained by taking the ratios of the two sum rules in conjunction with the two sum rules in nucleon mass, three are found to give mutually cons…
A relativistic model for the quasifree photoproduction of eta meson from complex nuclei is developed. The interactions between fields are introduced through effective Lagrangians. Contributions from several nucleon resonances as well as nucleon Born terms and vector meson exchange diagrams are included. Nucleon and eta wavefunctions are solutions of Dirac and Klein-Gordon equations, respectively. Final state interactions of the outgoing particles are included via optical potentials. The effects of these interactions on the cross sections and photon asymmetries are studied and are found to be l…
The contributions of three different types of driving terms are included in the estimation of the pd -> pd eta reaction at low energies. Near threshold, it is predicted that a two-step model involving an intermediate pion should be the most important but, as the energy approaches the threshold for eta production in the free nucleon--nucleon reaction, a pick-up mechanism with a spectator proton should become dominant. The total cross sections are underestimated by about a factor of two compared to experimental data but the discrepancies in the angular distributions are more serious, with no sig…
The in-medium Eta-N interaction near and below threshold is constructed from a free-space chirally-inspired meson-baryon coupled-channel model that captures the physics of the N(1535) baryon resonance. Nucleon Pauli blocking and hadron self-energies are accounted for. The resulting energy dependent in-medium interaction is used in self-consistent dynamical calculations of Eta nuclear bound states. Narrow states of width about or less than 2 MeV are found across the periodic table, beginning with A=10, for this in-medium coupled-channel interaction model. The binding energy of the 1s-Eta state …
Low-energy eta photoproduction on the nucleon is studied in an effective Lagrangian approach that contains Born terms, vector meson and nucleon resonance contributions. The resonance sector includes the $S_{11}(1535)$, $P_{11}(1440)$ and $D_{13}(1520)$ states whose couplings are fixed by independent electromagnetic and hadronic data. The available $(γ,η)$ data are employed to discuss the difference between pseudoscalar and pseudovector Born terms and to determine the magnitude of the $ηNN$ coupling constant. We present multipoles that are most sensitive to the various model ingredients and dem…
We calculate the quasifree photoproduction of pions and eta mesons on nuclei from 12C to 208Pb. Assuming that for the quasifree process the cross sections for pi/eta - photoproduction on a nucleon in medium are -- besides a lowering due to Pauli blocking -- identical to those on a free nucleon, we use these as an input. The produced mesons or resonances then propagate through the nucleus where they can undergo several scattering and absorption processes. This final state interaction, which leads to a lowering of the initial meson yield up to 70%, we simulate in a coupled channel Boltzmann-Uehl…
Partial decay widths of various decay channels of the X(1835) are evaluated in the 3P0 quark model, assuming that the X(1835) is a nucleon-antinucleon bound state. It is found that the decays to rho+rho, omega+omega and pion+a0(1450) dominate over other channels, and that the product branching fractions of J/psi to pion+pion+eta and J/psi to pion+pion+eta' are in the same order. We suggest that the X(1835) may be searched in the pion+a0(1450) channel.
We consider the chiral Lagrangian with a nonet of Goldstone bosons and a nonet of light vector mesons. The mixing between the pseudoscalar mesons eta and eta-prime is taken into account. A novel counting scheme is suggested that is based on hadrogenesis, which conjectures a mass gap in the meson spectrum of QCD in the limit of a large number of colors. Such a mass gap would justify to consider the vector mesons and the eta-prime meson as light degrees of freedom. The complete leading order Lagrangian is constructed and discussed. As a first application it is tested against electromagnetic tran…
The structure and the energy spectrum of the $η^{\prime}$ mesonic nuclei are investigated in a relativistic mean field theory. One expects a substantial attraction for the $η^{\prime}$ meson in finite nuclei due to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry in the nuclear medium. Such a hadronic scale interaction for the $η^{\prime}$ mesonic nuclei may provide modification of the nuclear structure. The relativistic mean field theory is a self-contained model for finite nuclei which provides the saturation property within the model, and is good to investigate the structure change of the nucleus…
We investigate the pp --> pp eta and pn --> pn eta reactions within an effective Lagrangian model for laboratory kinetic energies ranging from very close to eta meson production threshold to about 10 GeV. Production amplitudes include contributions from the mechanism of excitation, propagation and decay of N*(1535), N*(1650), and N*(1710) baryonic resonances. The initial interaction between two incoming nucleons is modeled by the exchange of pi, rho, omega and sigma mesons where the vertex parameters are taken to be the same as those used in the previous applications of this model. Parameters …
Very recent eta and K+ photoproduction data on the proton from threshold up to E = 2.6 GeV are interpreted within a chiral constituent quark formalism, which embodies all known nucleon and hyperon resonances. Possible contributions from an additional S11 resonance are presented.
The Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas N-body theory is used to study interaction of eta-mesons with d, 3He, and 4He. Separable expansion of the subamplitudes is adopted to convert the integral equations into the quasi-two-body form. The resulting formalism is applied to fit the existing data for low-energy eta production on few-nucleon targets. On the basis of this fitting procedure the scattering lengths a_{eta d}, a_{eta 3He}, a_{eta 4He} as well as the subthreshold behaviour of the elementary eta-N scattering amplitude are obtained.
In this paper, we present our study on the $η$ photoproduction based on the chiral quark model. We find that quark model provides a very good description of the $η$ production with much less parameters, and the threshold region is not a reliable source to determine the $ηNN$ coupling constant due to its strong dependence on the properties of the resonance $S_{11}(1535)$. We suggest that the systematic data in $E_{lab}=1.2 \sim 1.4$ GeV region may help us to determine the $ηNN$ coupling constant more precisely. The structure of the resonance $S_{11}(1535)$ is discussed, we find that the recent …
