Let E be a separable (or the dual of a separable) symmetric function space, let M be a semifinite von Neumann algebra and let E(M) be the associated noncommutative function space. Let $(ε_k)_k$ be a Rademacher sequence, on some probability space $Ω$. For finite sequences $(x_k)_k of E(M), we consider the Rademacher averages $\sum_k ε_k\otimes x_k$ as elements of the noncommutative function space $E(L^\infty(Ω)\otimes M)$ and study estimates for their norms $\Vert \sum_k ε_k \otimes x_k\Vert_E$ calculated in that space. We establish general Khintchine type inequalities in this context. Then we show that if E is 2-concave, the latter norm is equivalent to the infimum of $\Vert (\sum y_k^*y_k)^{1/2}\Vert + \Vert (\sum z_k z_k^*)^{1/2}\Vert$ over all $y_k,z_k$ in E(M) such that $x_k=y_k+z_k$ for any k. Dual estimates are given when E is 2-convex and has a non trivial upper Boyd index. We also study Rademacher averages for doubly indexed families of E(M).
We reprove an inequality for Rademacher series with coefficients in the Schatten class $S_1$. Our method yields the same estimate for coefficients after suitable gaps in $S_1$-valued trigonometric series; this was known for scalar-valued functions. A very similar method gives a new proof of the extension to $S_1$-valued $H^1$ functions of Paley's theorem about lacunary coefficients.
A new class of positive definite functions related to colour-length function on arbitrary Coxeter group is introduced. Extensions of positive definite functions, called the Riesz-Coxeter product, from the Riesz product on the Rademacher (Abelian Coxeter) group to arbitrary Coxeter group is obtained. Applications to harmonic analysis, operator spaces and noncommutative probability is presented. Characterization of radial and colour-radial functions on dihedral groups and infinite permutation group are shown.
We show the dual spaces of conditional Hardy space and symmetric Hardy space of noncommutative martingales. We derive relationship between the symmetric Hardy space of noncommutative martingales and its conditioned version.
We characterize noncommutative symmetric Banach spaces for which every bounded sequence admits either a convergent subsequence, or a $2$-co-lacunary subsequence. This extends the classical characterization, due to Räbiger.
It is known that, for a positive Dunford-Schwartz operator in a noncommutative $L^p-$space, $1\leq p<\infty$ or, more generally, in a noncommutative Orlicz space with order continuous norm, the corresponding ergodic averages converge bilaterally almost uniformly. We show that these averages converge bilaterally almost uniformly in each noncommutative symmetric space $E$ such that $μ_t(x) \to 0$ as $t \to 0$ for every $x \in E$, where $μ_t(x)$ is a non-increasing rearrangement of $x$. In particular, these averages converge bilaterally almost uniformly in all noncommutative symmetric spaces with…
We provide generalizations of Burkholder's inequalities involving conditioned square functions of martingales to the general context of martingales in noncommutative symmetric spaces. More precisely, we prove that Burkholder's inequalities are valid for any martingale in noncommutative space constructed from a symmetric space defined on the interval $(0,\infty)$ with Fatou property and whose Boyd indices are strictly between 1 and 2. This answers positively a question raised by Jiao and may be viewed as a conditioned version of similar inequalities for square functions of noncommutative martin…
In [11], employing the technique of noncommutative interpolation, a maximal ergodic theorem in noncommutative Lp-spaces, 1 < p < infinity, was established and, among other things, corresponding maximal ergodic inequalities and individual ergodic theorems were derived. In this article, we derive maximal ergodic inequalities in noncommutative Lp-spaces directly from [25] and apply them to prove corresponding individual and Besicovitch weighted ergodic theorems. Then we extend these results to noncommutative fully symmetric Banach spaces with Fatou property and non-trivial Boyd indices, in partic…
Let $E=E(0,\infty)$ be a symmetric function space and $E(\mathcal{M},τ)$ be a symmetric operator space associated with a semifinite von Neumann algebra with a faithful normal semifinite trace. Our main result identifies the class of spaces $E$ for which every derivation $δ:\mathcal{A}\to E(\mathcal{M},τ)$ is necessarily inner for each $C^*$-subalgebra $\mathcal{A}$ in the class of all semifinite von Neumann algebras $\mathcal{M}$ as those with the Levi property.
Isometric embeddings of noncommutative $L_p$-spaces into noncommutative symmetric spaces
Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics of HIT, Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学数学高等研究院）；Department of Mathematics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校数学系）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学数学与统计学院）
We consider symmetric polynomials, p, in the noncommutative free variables (x_1, x_2, ..., x_g). We define the noncommutative complex hessian of p and we call a noncommutative symmetric polynomial noncommutative plurisubharmonic if it has a noncommutative complex hessian that is positive semidefinite when evaluated on all tuples of n x n matrices for every size n. In this paper, we show that the symmetric noncommutative plurisubharmonic polynomials are precisely the noncommutative convex polynomials with a noncommutative analytic change of variables; i.e., a noncommutative symmetric polynomial…
We show that ergodic flows in noncommutative fully symmetric spaces (associated with a semifinite von Neumann algebra) generated by continuous semigroups of positive Dunford-Schwartz operators and modulated by bounded Besicovitch almost periodic functions converge almost uniformly. The corresponding local ergodic theorem is also discussed.
We introduce the notion of a pre-spectral triple, which is a generalisation of a spectral triple $(\mathcal{A}, H, D)$ where $D$ is no longer required to be self-adjoint, but closed and symmetric. Despite having weaker assumptions, pre-spectral triples allow us to introduce noncompact noncommutative geometry with boundary. In particular, we derive the Hochschild character theorem in this setting. We give a detailed study of Dirac operators with Dirichlet boundary conditions on open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d \geq 2$.
This is a survey article of geometric properties of noncommutative symmetric spaces of measurable operators $E(\mathcal{M},τ)$, where $\mathcal{M}$ is a semifinite von Neumann algebra with a faithful, normal, semifinite trace $τ$, and $E$ is a symmetric function space. If $E\subset c_0$ is a symmetric sequence space then the analogous properties in the unitary matrix ideals $C_E$ are also presented. In the preliminaries we provide basic definitions and concepts illustrated by some examples and occasional proofs. In particular we list and discuss the properties of general singular value functio…
We present a new, elementary proof of Boyd's interpolation theorem. Our approach naturally yields a noncommutative version of this result and even allows for the interpolation of certain operators on l^1-valued noncommutative symmetric spaces. By duality we may interpolate several well-known noncommutative maximal inequalities. In particular we obtain a version of Doob's maximal inequality and the dual Doob inequality for noncommutative symmetric spaces. We apply our results to prove the Burkholder-Davis-Gundy and Burkholder-Rosenthal inequalities for noncommutative martingales in these spaces…
It is known that, for a positive Dunford-Schwartz operator in a noncommutative $L^p$-space, $1\leq p<\infty$, or, more generally, in a noncommutative Orlicz space with order continuous norm, the corresponding ergodic averages converge bilaterally almost uniformly. We show that these averages converge almost uniformly in each noncommutative symmetric space $E$ such that $μ_t(x)\to 0$ as $t\to\infty$ for every $x\in E$, where $μ_t(x)$ is the non-increasing rearrangement of $x$. Noncommutative Dunford-Schwartz-type multiparameter ergodic theorems are studied. A wide range of noncommutative symmet…
We study some factorisation and dilation properties of completely positive maps on noncommutative L^p-spaces. We show that Akcoglu's dilation theorem for positive contractions on classical (=commutative) L^p-spaces has no reasonable analog in the noncommutative setting. Our study relies on non symmetric analogs of Pisier's operator space valued noncommutative L^p-spaces that we investigate in the first part of the paper.
It is known that, for a positive Dunford-Schwartz operator in a noncommutative $L^p-$space, $1\leq p<\infty$ or, more generally, in a noncommutative Orlicz space with order continuous norm, the corresponding ergodic averages converge bilaterally almost uniformly. We show that these averages converge almost uniformly in each noncommutative symmetric space $E$ such that $μ_t(x) \to 0$ as $t \to 0$ for every $x \in E$, where $μ_t(x)$ is a non-increasing rearrangement of $x$. Noncommutative Dunford-Schwartz-type multiparameter ergodic theorems are studied. A wide range of noncommutative symmetric …
We define the Hardy spaces of free noncommutative functions on the noncommutative polydisc and the noncommutative ball and study their basic properties. Our technique combines the general methods of noncommutative function theory and asymptotic formulae for integration over the unitary group. The results are the first step in developing the general theory of free noncommutative bounded symmetric domains on the one hand and in studying the asymptotic free noncommutative analogues of classical spaces of analytic functions on the other.
This is an introductory paper about our recent merge of a noncommutative de Finetti type result with representations of the infinite braid and symmetric group which allows to derive factorization properties from symmetries. We explain some of the main ideas of this approach and work out a constructive procedure to use in applications. Finally we illustrate the method by applying it to the theory of group characters.
We provide an operator algebraic proof of a classical theorem of Thoma which characterizes the extremal characters of the infinite symmetric group $\mathbb{S}_\infty$. Our methods are based on noncommutative conditional independence emerging from exchangeability and we reinterpret Thoma's theorem as a noncommutative de Finetti type result. Our approach is, in parts, inspired by Jones' subfactor theory and by Okounkov's spectral proof of Thoma's theorem, and we link them by inferring spectral properties from certain commuting squares.
We study quantum Dirichlet forms and the associated symmetric quantum Markov semigroups on noncommutative $L^2$ spaces. It is known from the work of Cipriani and Sauvageot that these semigroups induce a first order differential calculus, and we use this differential calculus to define a noncommutative transport metric on the set of density matrices. This construction generalizes both the $L^2$-Wasserstein distance on a large class of metric spaces as well as the discrete transport distance introduced by Maas, Mielke, and Chow-Huang-Li-Zhou. Assuming a Bakry-Émery-type gradient estimate, we sho…
Let $0<p<q\leq\infty$ and $α\in (0,\infty]$. We give a characterization of quasi-Banach interpolation spaces for the couple $(L_p(0,α),L_q(0,α))$ in terms of two monotonicity properties, extending known results which mainly dealt with Banach spaces. This enables us to recover recent results of Cwikel and Nilsson on sequence spaces and to solve a conjecture of Levitina, Sukochev and Zanin in the setting of function spaces. We apply the results obtained to characterize symmetric spaces in which the standard forms of the noncommutative Khintchine inequalities hold.
In this paper we develop a theory of curvature (resp. multiplicity) invariant for tensor products of full Fock spaces and also for tensor products of symmetric Fock spaces. This is an attempt to find a more general framework for these invariants and extend some of the results obtained by Arveson for the symmetric Fock space, by the author and Kribs for the full Fock space, and by Fang for the Hardy space over the polydisc. To prove the existence of the curvature and its basic properties in these settings requires a new approach based on noncommutative Berezin transforms and multivariable opera…
We show norm estimates for the sum of independent random variables in noncommutative $L_p$-spaces for $1<p<\infty$ following our previous work. These estimates generalize the classical Rosenthal inequality in the commutative case. Among applications, we derive an equivalence for the $p$-norm of the singular values of a random matrix with independent entries, and characterize those symmetric subspaces and unitary ideals which can be realized as subspaces of a noncommutative $L_p$ for $2<p<\infty$.
Continuing our project on noncommutative (stable) homotopy we construct symmetric monoidal $\infty$-categorical models for separable $C^*$-algebras $\mathtt{SC^*_\infty}$ and noncommutative spectra $\mathtt{NSp}$ using the framework of Higher Algebra due to Lurie. We study smashing (co)localizations of $\mathtt{SC^*_\infty}$ and $\mathtt{NSp}$ with respect to strongly self-absorbing $C^*$-algebras. We analyse the homotopy categories of the localizations of $\mathtt{SC^*_\infty}$ and give universal characterizations thereof. We construct a stable $\infty$-categorical model for bivariant connect…
Let $E_1,\;E_2$ be symmetric quasi Banach function spaces on $(0,α)\;(0<α\le\8)$. We study some properties of several constructions (the products $E_1(\M)\odot E_2(\M)$, the Calder$\rm\acute{o}$n spaces $E_1(\M)^θE_2(\M)^{1-θ}$, the complex interpolation spaces $(E_1(\M),E_2(\M))_θ$, the real interpolation method $(E_1(\M),E_2(\M))_{θ,p}$) in the context of noncommutative symmetric quasi Banach spaces. Under some natural assumptions, we prove $$ (E_1(\M), E_2(\M))_θ=E_1(\M)^θE_2(\M)^{1-θ}=E_1^{(\frac{1}θ)}(\M)\odot E_2^{(\frac{1}{1-θ})}(\M)\;(0<θ<1). $$ As application, we extend these result t…
We study non-linear $σ$-models defined on noncommutative torus as a two dimensional string world-sheet. We consider a quantum group as a noncommutative space-time as well as two points, a circle, and a noncommutative torus. Using the establised results we show that the trivial harmonic unitaries of the noncommutative chiral model, which are known as local minima, are not global minima by comparing those with the symmetric unitaries coming from instanton solutions of noncommutative Ising model, which corresponds to the two points target space. In addition,we introduce a $\mathbb{Z}^2$-action on…
Following up on the recent work on lower Ricci curvature bounds for quantum systems, we introduce two noncommutative versions of curvature-dimension bounds for symmetric quantum Markov semigroups over matrix algebras. Under suitable such curvature-dimension conditions, we prove a family of dimension-dependent functional inequalities, a version of the Bonnet-Myers theorem and concavity of entropy power in the noncommutative setting. We also provide examples satisfying certain curvature-dimension conditions, including Schur multipliers over matrix algebras, Herz-Schur multipliers over group alge…
We show that matrices in the same orbit of the SO(n, n|Z) action on the space of n\times n skew-symmetric matrices give strong Morita equivalent noncommutative tori, both at the C*-algebra level and at the smooth algebra level. This proves a conjecture of Rieffel and Schwarz.
We prove several noncommutative maximal inequalities associated with convex functions, including a Doob type inequality for a convex function of maximal operators on noncommutative martingales, noncommutative Dunford-Schwartz and Stein maximal ergodic inequalities for a convex function of positive and symmetric positive contractions. The key ingredient in our proofs is a Marcinkiewicz type interpolation theorem for a convex function of maximal operators in the noncommutative setting, which we establish in this paper. These generalize the results of Junge and Xu in the $L^p$ case to the case of…
