Jae-Weon Lee, Hyeong-Chan Kim, Jungjai Lee
It is suggested that dark energy is the energy of the Hawking radiation from a cosmic horizon. Despite of its extremely low Gibbons-Hawking temperature, this radiation could have the appropriate magnitude $O(M_P^2 H^2)$ and the equation of state to explain the observed cosmological data if there is a Planck scale UV-cutoff, where $H$ is the Hubble parameter.
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Quantum black hole and Hawking radiation at microscopic magnifying
在视界后粒子准经典热量子化的框架下，建立了量子史瓦西黑洞阻止霍金辐射的态。提出了黑洞吸收和辐射的机制。
The amount of the Hawking radiation in Hartle-Hawking vacuum around the Schwarzschild black hole is calculated in the presence of the cloud of virtual-cosmic-string loops near the black hole. Recently, Coleman, Preskill and Wilczek have discussed the black-hole temperature in such situation. We show, in this letter, it is hardly possible to find any deviation in the Hawking radiation even if the virtual cosmic strings exist.
Locality plays a key role in the derivation of Hawking radiation. Could relaxing the locality criterion modify Hawking radiation? We consider Hawking radiation in a general class of non local quantum field theories. We prove that Hawking radiation is unmodified for these theories. Our result establishes the universality of Hawking radiation in a larger class of theories.
Hawking radiation from rotating black holes in anti-de Sitter spaces via gauge and gravitational anomalies
Robinson-Wilczek将霍金辐射看作是抵消Schwarzschild型黑洞视界处引力异常的补偿通量，将其推广到反de Sitter空间，特别是拖曳坐标系中旋转黑洞的霍金辐射.结果表明，为了恢复有效场论中量子水平上的规范不变性和广义坐标协变性，通过要求消去视界上的规范和引力反常，电荷和能流必须具有与霍金温度下具有适当化学势的$(1+1)$维黑体辐射等价的形式.
The temperature in Hawking radiation as tunneling
研究了在正则不变性条件下导出霍金辐射的准经典方法。我们发现，由于整个时空的交换，视界应视为一个双向势垒，进入幅度应根据负能量粒子隧穿进入黑洞来计算，从而恢复标准霍金温度。我们还讨论了Painlevé坐标在霍金辐射隧穿中的优势。
Absorption cross section and Hawking radiation in two-dimensional AdS black hole
计算了二维AdS黑洞背景下标量场的吸收系数，它与霍金辐射有关.对于无质量的标量场，我们发现不存在无质量辐射。
Factor Two Discrepancy of Hawking Radiation Temperature
在静态史瓦西时空中，我们探索了另一种表述霍金辐射的方法。为了计算霍金辐射，在Krucal-Szekeres坐标系中有两种可能的时空楔对选择。一种是由黑洞的外时空和白洞的外时空组成的楔形对，另一种是由一个黑洞的内外时空组成的楔形对。前者的辐射是霍金的原始辐射。虽然后者经常被认为是与前者相同的现象，但这里的结果表明它不是;它的辐射温度是霍金温度的两倍。
Ward Identities in the Derivation of Hawking Radiation from Anomalies
Robinson和Wilczek提出了一种通过考虑反常来推导霍金辐射的新方法。他们的基本思想是，霍金辐射的通量是由史瓦西黑洞（BH）背景中的反常抵消条件决定的。Iso等人将该方法推广到带电的Reissner-Nordstroem黑洞和旋转的Kerr黑洞，证明了霍金辐射的通量也可以由视界电流的反常抵消条件和正则性条件确定。他们的公式给出了无穷远处所有情况下的正确霍金通量，从而提供了一种新的有吸引力的理解霍金辐射的方法。我们提出了一些参数澄清这种推导。我们证明了在不考虑Wess-Zumino项和有效作用量的情况下，沃德恒等式和协变流的边界条件足以导出霍金辐射.我们的方法，它不使用阶跃函数，从而简化了一些技术方面的原始配方。
Hawking Radiation from Non-Extremal D1-D5 Black Hole via Anomalies
采用反常抵消方法推导了Robinson和Wilczek提出的霍金辐射，并将其应用于弦论中的非极值五维D1-D5黑洞.得到了来自黑洞的电荷流通量和能量动量张量。它们与霍金温度下的二维黑体辐射完全一致。
We revisit the tunneling process from a Schwarzschild black hole in the noncommutative spacetime and obtain the non-thermal tunneling probability. In such non-thermal spectrum, the correlations are discovered, which can carry the information about the noncommutativity. Thus this enlightens a way to find the noncommutative information in the Hawking radiation. The entropy is also shown to be conserved in the whole radiation process, which implies that the unitarity is held even for the Hawking radiation from noncommutative black holes.
Hawking radiation in a Rotating Kaluza-Klein Black Hole with Squashed Horizons
本文研究了视界被压缩的旋转卡鲁扎-克莱因黑洞中的霍金辐射中额外维度的特征。通过与球形情况的比较，我们发现旋转参数的引入带来了更丰富的物理性质。我们得到了额外维的合适尺寸，它可以增强霍金辐射，并可能打开一个窗口，以探测额外维。
Hawking Radiation and Covariant Anomalies
推广Wilczek和合作者的方法，我们提供了一个推导的霍金辐射从带电黑洞仅使用协变规范和引力异常。本文还讨论了反常抵消方法对霍金辐射的可靠性和普适性。
Gauge and Gravitational Anomalies and Hawking Radiation of Rotating BTZ Black Holes
本文从规范反常和引力反常的观点出发，得到了旋转BTZ黑洞的霍金辐射通量。然后，我们表明，在BTZ时空中的规范和引力异常被抵消的总通量的2维黑体在霍金温度的时空。
Hawking radiation of Dirac particles via tunnelling from rotating black holes in de Sitter spaces
黑洞视界的霍金辐射可以看作是一个量子隧穿过程，费米子通过隧穿可以成功地恢复霍金温度。本文考虑自旋为1/2的隧穿粒子（即Dirac粒子），进一步改进了Kerner和Man的费米子隧穿方法，研究了de Sitter空间中旋转黑洞，特别是Kerr de Sitter黑洞和Kerr-Newman de Sitter黑洞的隧穿霍金辐射.结果表明，利用Dirac粒子隧穿可以很好地描述事件视界和宇宙视界的Hawking温度。
We describe a black hole slice by a density matrix and evolve the slice in semiclassical time to search for the origin of Hawking radiation.
Massless vs. Massive Hawking Radiation in AdS$_2$ Spacetime
我们研究了二维AdS时空中的无质量和有质量的霍金辐射。对于无质量情形，计算了AdS背景下无质量标量场的量子应力-能量张量，得到了预期的零辐射。然而，对于大量的情况下，散射分析，以计算的吸收和反射系数，这是相关的统计霍金温度。与无质量的情况相反，我们得到了一个非零的有质量辐射。
Hawking radiation is one of the cores in modern gratitational theory. Several articles have calculated the spectrum of Hawking radiation in Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics. However, based on recent researches, gravitational systems cannot be studied by the standard statistical mechanics. In this article, we calculate the modification to the spectrum of Hawking radiation in Tsallis statistical mechanics. We obtain the modified Stefan-Boltzmann's law and modified power of Hawking radiation. We confirm the conclusion proposed by Giddings, namely, the radiation should originate from the effe…
We discuss semiclassical Nariai black holes in the framework of $f(T)$-gravity. For a diagonal choice of tetrades, stable Nariai metrics can be found, emitting Bekenstein-Hawking radiation in semiclassical limit. However, for a non-diagonal choice of tetrades, evaporation and antievaporation instabilities are turned on. In turn, this causes a back-reaction effect suppressing the Bekenstein-Hawking radiation. In particular, evaporation instabilities produce a new radiation -- different by Bekenstein-Hawking emission -- non-violating unitarity in particle physics sector.
In completely local settings, we establish that a dynamically evolving black hole horizon can be assigned a Hawking temperature. Moreover, we calculate the Hawking flux and show that the radius of the horizon shrinks.
Hawking radiation in Reissner-Nordström blackhole with a global monopole via Covariant anomalies and Effective action
我们采用协变反常抵消方法和有效作用量方法，在事件视界上仅利用协变边界条件，得到了具有最一般的球对称带电黑洞$(\sqrt{-g}\neq1)$的整体辐射的Reissner-Nordström黑洞的霍金辐射.
Anomaly Analysis of Hawking Radiation from Acoustic Black Hole
从Robinson和Wilczek提出的反常抵消方法出发，研究了三维旋转声黑洞的霍金辐射.视界附近的量子场可用二维带电场来描述，带电量记为角动量m。由反常抵消条件和视界处的正则性得到了电荷和能量的通量，并与Hawking温度下的二维黑体辐射的通量相匹配.
Hawking radiation in GHS and non-extremal D1-D5 blackhole via covariant anomalies
我们应用Banerjee和Kulkarni（arXiv：0707.2449，[hep-th]）的方法，仅利用协变引力异常，给出了GHS（弦状）黑洞的霍金辐射的一个推导，该黑洞属于最一般的球对称黑洞（$\sqrt{-g}\neq 1$）和非极值$D1-D5$黑洞。
We study the time-dependence of Hawking radiation for a black hole in the Unruh vacuum, and find that it is not robust against certain UV and IR effects. If there is a UV cutoff at the Planck scale, Hawking radiation is turned off after the scrambling time. In the absence of a UV cutoff, Hawking radiation is sensitive to the IR cutoff through a UV/IR connection due to higher-derivative interactions in the effective theory. Furthermore, higher-derivative interactions with the background contribute to a large amplitude of particle creation that changes Hawking radiation. This unexpected large ef…
Hawking Radiation, Effective Actions and Covariant Boundary Conditions
从有效作用量的适当表达式出发，仅利用事件视界上的协变边界条件，导出了带电黑洞的霍金辐射。我们的方法与Unruh真空和最近的分析\cite{Robwilczek,Isowilczek,shailesh}的霍金辐射使用异常的连接被建立。
Hawking Radiation as Tunneling: the D-dimensional rotating case
重新讨论了霍金辐射的隧穿方法，并将其应用于$D$维旋转情形。重点是结果的协方差。某些影响程序的含糊之处得到解决。
We study the greybody factor and Hawking radiation with a non-minimal derivative coupling between the scalar field and the curvature in the background of the slowly rotating Kerr-Newman black hole. Our results show that both the absorption probability and luminosity of Hawking radiation of the scalar field increase with the coupling. Moreover, we also find that for the weak coupling $η<η_c$, the absorption probability and luminosity of Hawking radiation decrease when the black hole's Hawking temperature decreases; while for stronger coupling $η>η_c$, the absorption probability and luminosity o…
I derive the Hawking flux from black holes of constant negative curvature and from a black hole of constant negative curvature conformally coupled to a scalar field, using the covariant gravitational anomalies method.
Hawking Radiation and Ultraviolet Regulators
波尔钦斯基认为，霍金辐射的预测必须独立于未知的高能物理的细节，因为计算可以使用“好的切片”来进行，而绝热定理可以用于该切片。如果是这样的话，那么任何使用明显协变的计算-因此与切片无关-紫外正则化必须重现标准霍金结果。我们调查的霍金辐射的依赖于这样一个短距离调节器通过计算它使用泡利-维拉尔正则化计划。我们发现，调节器规模，$Λ$，只有助于霍金通量的量是指数小的大变量$Λ/{T_\ssh} \gg 1$，其中$T_\ssh$是霍金温度，在协议与Polchinski的论点。我们还解决了一个关于传播子的短距离奇点与霍金效应之间关系的技术难题。
Dilaton driven Hawking radiation in AdS$_2$ black hole
最近的一项研究表明，在二维AdS $_2$黑洞背景上不出现无质量标量场的霍金辐射.我们研究这个问题，通过调查下的吸收和反射系数与物质场耦合的光子。如果标量场不耦合到介子，那么它会被完全吸收到黑洞中，没有任何输出模。另一方面，当无质量标量场与量子场耦合时，它的出射模存在，从而得到非平凡的霍金辐射。最后，我们评论了这种与三维黑洞有关的霍金辐射的依赖性。
Hawking Radiation via Tunneling from Hot NUT-Kerr-Newman-Kasuya Spacetime
研究了拖曳坐标系中的Hawking热谱和热NUT-Kerr-Newman-Kasuya时空的隧穿辐射特性。发现事件视界和宇宙视界的隧穿率与贝肯斯坦-霍金熵的变化有关。辐射谱不是纯热的，因此对霍金热谱有一个修正。
We investigate the Hawking radiation cascade from the five-dimensional charged black hole with a scalar field coupled to higher-order Euler densities in a conformally invariant manner. We give the semi-analytic calculation of greybody factors for the Hawking radiation. Our analysis shows that the Hawking radiation cascade from this five-dimensional black hole is extremely sparse. The charge enhances the sparsity of the Hawking radiation, while the conformally coupled scalar field reduces this sparsity.
Hawking Radiation from Rotating Black Holes and Gravitational Anomalies
从引力反常的角度研究了旋转黑洞的霍金辐射。首先，我们证明了Kerr黑洞视界附近的标量场理论可以简化为二维有效场理论。然后，按照罗宾逊和Wilczek，我们推导出霍金通量的要求取消引力异常。我们也将这种方法应用于高维Myers-Perry黑洞的霍金辐射。在附录中，我们给出了霍金辐射的迹反常推导，以论证视界边界条件的有效性。
Anomalies, Horizons and Hawking radiation
利用事件视界附近的手征反常和事件视界处的协变边界条件，得到了具有整体对称性的Reissner-Nordström黑洞和最一般的球对称黑洞类$(\sqrt{-g}\neq1)$中的Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger黑洞的霍金辐射.该方法不同于异常抵消方法，因为除了协变边界条件外，视界附近的手征异常是导出霍金通量的唯一输入。
We provide a simple way for calculating the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole from the entropy of its Hawking radiation. To this end, we show that if a thermodynamic system loses its energy only through the black body radiation, its loss of entropy is always 3/4 of the entropy of the emitted radiation. This proposition enables us to relate the entropy of an evaporating black hole to the entropy of its Hawking radiation. Explicitly, by calculating the entropy of the Hawking radiation emitted in the full period of evaporation of the black hole, we find the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the i…
We study the Hawking radiation in a new class of black hole solutions in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory. The black hole has been argued to have vanishing mass and entropy, but finite Hawking temperature. To check if it really emits radiation, we analyse the Hawking radiation using the original method of quantization of scalar field in the black hole background and the quantum tunneling method, and confirm that it emits radiation at the Hawking temperature. A general formula is derived for the Hawking temperature and backreaction in the tunneling approach. Physical implications of these resul…
Tachyon Field Quantization and Hawking Radiation
我们将快子场置于静态二维无引力黑洞背景中，计算了霍金辐射率。我们发现，快子场的热辐射通量大于共形物质场的热辐射通量。我们还发现，大量的标量场，不耦合到介子，不给任何贡献的热辐射，在标量曲率的平方项。
Lorentz violation and Hawking radiation
由于黑洞的事件视界是一个无限红移的表面，因此可以认为霍金辐射在高能量下对洛伦兹破坏非常敏感。事实上，对于亚光速色散，情况正好相反。然而，对于超光速色散，传出的黑洞模式是由未知的量子引力过程所决定的奇点发出的。
Hawking Radiation from Squashed Kaluza-Klein Black Holes -- A Window to Extra Dimensions --
我们通过位于卡鲁扎-克莱因时空中的5维压缩卡鲁扎-克莱因黑洞来探索额外维度的可观测性。在期望霍金辐射能反映压缩视界的5维性质的前提下，研究了压缩黑洞背景中标量场的霍金辐射.结果表明，霍金辐射的光度告诉我们额外维度的大小，即被压扁的卡鲁扎-克莱因黑洞打开了一扇通往额外维度的窗户。
We show that for the thermal spectrum of Hawking radiation black hole's information loss paradox may still be present, even if including the entanglement information stored in the entangled Minkowski vacuum. And to avoid this inconsistency, the spectrum of Hawking radiation must be nonthermal. After reconsidering the derivation of Hawking effect, we find that the thermal spectrum is actually resulted from the geometric optics approximation in deriving the Bogolubov coefficients. When treated a little more accurately, we obtain some nonthermal spectrum for the Hawing radiation, which reduces to…
We study various derivations of Hawking radiation in conformally rescaled metrics. We focus on two important properties, the location of the horizon under a conformal transformation and its associated temperature. We find that the production of Hawking radiation cannot be associated in all cases to the trapping horizon because its location is not invariant under a conformal transformation. We also find evidence that the temperature of the Hawking radiation should transform simply under a conformal transformation, being invariant for asymptotic observers in the limit that the conformal transfor…
We give a detailed treatment of the back-reaction effects on the Hawking spectrum in the semiclassical approach to the Hawking radiation. We solve the exact system of non linear equations giving the action of the system, by a rigorously convergent iterative procedure. The first two terms of such an expansion give the O(omega/M) correction to the Hawking spectrum.
In this paper, we study the Hawking radiation of Dirac particles via tunneling formalism from linearly supertranslated Schwarzschild black hole. We find that the radiation spectrum and the Hawking temperature remain the same as the one without soft hair. We extend the same analysis to the linearly supertranslated Vaidya black hole and find that particles can not tunnel through the horizon from the inside. We further comment on the validity of tunneling formalism in the study of Hawking radiation of dynamical black hole.
Hawking Radiation of Black Rings from Anomalies
利用Robinson和Wilczek提出的方法，从规范反常和引力反常中导出了5维黑环的霍金辐射.我们发现，在黑洞的情况下，该问题可以减少到（1+1）维场论和异常的中性，偶极和带电的黑环正确的霍金温度的结果。
Proceedings of the 'Hawking Radiation' conference in Stockholm, Sweden 2015. It includes a link to the video recording of the conference and all the talks, discussions, and communications, that took place during the week of the conference . We hope the recorded discussions will be helpful, especially to the current and future young researchers and students.
We present a model for cosmological inflation which has a natural "turn on" and a natural "turn off" mechanism. In our model inflation is driven by the Hawking-like radiation that occurs in Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time. This Hawking-like radiation results in an effective negative pressure "fluid" which leads to a rapid period of expansion in the very early Universe. As the Universe expands the FRW Hawking temperature decreases and the inflationary expansion turns off and makes a natural transition to the power law expansion of a radiation dominated universe. The "turn on" mechani…
In this review, we describe recent progress on the black hole information problem that involves a new understanding of how to calculate the entropy of Hawking radiation. We show how the method for computing gravitational fine-grained entropy, developed over the past 15 years, can be extended to capture the entropy of Hawking radiation. This technique reveals large corrections needed for the entropy to be consistent with unitary black hole evaporation.
We re-examine vacuum polarisation of a scalar field in a quasi-local volume including the horizon. We find that Hawking radiation rate is derived as a pure decay of vacuum due to scalar field interaction with classical gravity exactly in the same way as the origin of vacuum polarisation effect in Electrodynamics.
Hawking Radiation via Gravitational Anomalies in Non-spherical Topologies
研究了在常负曲率引力背景下利用引力异常计算霍金辐射的方法。我们应用该方法的拓扑黑洞，也拓扑黑洞共形耦合到一个标量场。
In this paper we revisited Hawking radiation in the light of the original calculations of Hawking and Wald and found that some additional insights can be gained. We review a "derivation" of the field theory Hilbert space from the space of solutions, followed by the calculation of Bogoliubov coefficients in a collapsed spacetime from first principles. We show that these calculations can be generalized to the case of local Killing horizons and also to asymptotically non-flat spaces.
I present a new derivation of Hawking radiation by applying the Crooks fluctuation theorem to the laws of black hole thermodynamics. Then, by analogy with the quantum fluctuation theorem, this allows one to identify microstates contributing to the black hole entropy. These microstates have an evolution operator on the horizon between initial and final states that is related to the entropic gravity proposal. Their full calculation perhaps requires a deeper understanding of nonperturbative Hawking radiation.
Complex Paths and Covariance of Hawking Radiation in 2D Stringy Black Holes
用复路径法计算了不同坐标系下的霍金辐射。在这个过程中，二维Schwarzschild弦黑洞的事件视界被视为半经典作用泛函的奇点。对事件视界的奇异性进行正则化处理后，导出了不同坐标表象下的辐射/吸收几率和Hawking温度。得到的相同结果表明了霍金辐射的协变性。
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the back reaction problem, between Hawking radiation and the black hole, in a simplified model for the black hole evaporation in the quantum geometrodynamics context. The idea is to transcribe the most important characteristics of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation into a Schrödinger's type of equation. Subsequently, we consider Hawking radiation and black hole quantum states evolution under the influence of a potential that includes back reaction. Finally, entropy is estimated as a measure of the entanglement between the black hole and Hawking radiation states…
We derive the Hawking radiation spectrum of anyons, namely particles in (2+1)-dimension obeying fractional statistics, from a Bañados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli (BTZ) black hole, in the tunneling formalism. We examine ways of measuring the spectrum in experimentally realizable systems in the laboratory.
We discuss an ambiguity of the derivation of the Hawking radiation through the gravitational anomaly method and propose modifications of this method such that it reproduces the correct thermal fluxes. In this modified gravitational anomaly method, we employ the two-dimensional conformal field theory technique.
Hawking Radiation and Quantum Anomaly in AdS2/CFT1 Correspondence
为了更好地理解霍金辐射在AdS/CFT对应中的边界描述，我们研究了AdS $_2$空间中的迹反常方法.在这种方法中，霍金辐射是由体中能量动量张量的迹反常导出的。我们发现CFT $_1$中的能量动量张量和复合算子之间的对应关系，并根据该复合算子理解能量动量张量的异常性质。利用这种对应关系，我们从边界描述中再现了霍金辐射。此外，我们发现高自旋电流的散装和复合运营商在边界之间的对应关系。
Relationship between Hawking radiation from black holes and spontaneous excitation of atoms
利用分离真空涨落和辐射反应对原子平均能量变化率的贡献的形式，我们证明了在1+1维黑洞背景中的Hartle-Hawking和Unruh真空中，与量子无质量标量场相互作用的二能级原子的自发激发，就像有霍金温度的热辐射从黑洞中发出一样.因此，我们的计算将霍金辐射的存在与黑洞外部真空中的二能级原子的自发激发联系起来，并显示了两种不同物理现象的令人愉快的一致性，霍金辐射和原子的自发激发，这两种现象本身就非常突出。
Hawking radiation by effective two-dimensional theories
对最近提出的物质-重力系统的二维异常有效作用进行了评述。他们未能正确再现霍金的黑洞辐射或闵可夫斯基时空的稳定性，这使我们对相关的“量子”物质应力能量张量进行了修改，从而可以提取出有物理意义的结果。
On Hawking radiation from black rings
我们通过要求辐射消除视界上可能的反常，计算了来自五维带电旋转黑环的量子辐射。结果表明，温度、能流和角动量通量与霍金辐射的温度、能流和角动量通量完全一致。本文所考虑的黑环以Myers-Perry黑洞为极限，在此极限下恢复了文献中得到的该黑洞的量子辐射.这些结果支持了霍金辐射可以作为视界异常消除器的观点，并表明它对最近发现的高维黑洞具有普遍的适用性.
Two-Dimensional Dilatonic Black Holes and Hawking Radiation
从二维带电和不带电的双光子黑洞--分别从（2+1）自旋和无自旋的BTZ黑洞维化约--发出的霍金辐射被看作是一个隧穿过程。与计算霍金辐射时背景几何是固定的标准方法不同，二维电子黑洞（包括AdS（2））被视为动力学背景.这种几何形状的改变在辐射光谱中产生了非热部分。我们发现了极端二维带电黑洞的非零温度，并在这些动力学几何下，容易地导出了Bekenstein-Hawking面积公式。
Hawking radiation from an evaporating black hole has often been compared to black body radiation. However, this comparison misses an important feature of Hawking radiation: Its low density of states. This can be captured in an easy to calculate, heuristic, and semi-analytic measure called "sparsity". In this letter we shall present both the concept of sparsities and its application to $D+1$-dimensional Tangherlini black holes and their evaporation. In particular, we shall also publish for the first time sparsity expressions taking into account in closed form effects of non-zero particle mass. …
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