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arXiv 0802.0228astro-ph
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宇宙学SPH模拟中z=3-6的莱曼α发射体和莱曼破缺半导体

Lyman-alpha Emitters and Lyman-break Galaxies at z=3-6 in Cosmological SPH Simulations

Kentaro Nagamine, Masami Ouchi, Volker Springel, Lars Hernquist

摘要:

利用宇宙学SPH模拟方法研究了z=3-6的Lyman-alpha发射体(LAEs)和Lyman-break星系(LBG)的性质。我们研究了两个简单的方案来解释观测到的Ly-a和静止帧UV光度函数(LF)的LAEs:(i)“逃逸分数”方案,其中“有效”逃逸分数(包括IGM衰减)为f_Lya ~0.1(ii)“随机”情形,其中在z = 3(6)处开启的LAE的分数在校正IGM衰减之后为\Cstoc ~0.07(0.2)。我们的比较与一些不同的观察表明,随机的情况下,逃逸分数的情况下是首选。我们发现,在随机情况下,恒星质量、金属丰度和由LAEs承载的黑洞质量的平均值都小于逃逸分数情况。在我们的模拟中,星系恒星质量函数迅速演变,正如预期的分层结构的形成。然而,它的演变在很大程度上是由特定的恒星形成率的开始下降,导致在休息帧UV LF从z=6到3的演变很少补偿。在z=3和6的LAE和LBG的静止帧UV LF可以很好地描述的随机方案提供的消光是温和的,E(B-V)~0.15,对于两个群体,虽然我们的模拟可能是高估了明亮的LBG在z=6的数量。我们还讨论了LAEs的关联函数和偏差。在z=6时,在0.2度^[2]视场中的Ly-a低频显示出由于宇宙方差相对于在1度^[2]视场中的散射明显更大,并且在当前观测估计的Ly-a低频中看到的散射可以用宇宙方差来解释。

英文摘要:

We study the properties of Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) and Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z=3-6 using cosmological SPH simulations. We investigate two simple scenarios for explaining the observed Ly-a and rest-frame UV luminosity functions (LFs) of LAEs: (i) the "escape fraction" scenario, in which the "effective" escape fraction (including the IGM attenuation) of Ly-a photons is f_Lya ~0.1 (0.15) at z=3 (6), and (ii) the "stochastic" scenario, in which the fraction of LAEs that are turned on at z=3 (6) is \Cstoc ~0.07 (0.2) after correcting for the IGM attenuation. Our comparisons with a number of different observations suggest that the stochastic scenario is preferred over the escape fraction scenario. We find that the mean values of stellar mass, metallicity and black hole mass hosted by LAEs are all smaller in the stochastic scenario than in the escape fraction scenario. In our simulations, the galaxy stellar mass function evolves rapidly, as expected in hierarchical structure formation. However, its evolution is largely compensated by a beginning decline in the specific star formation rate, resulting in little evolution of the rest-frame UV LF from z=6 to 3. The rest-frame UV LF of both LAEs and LBGs at z=3 & 6 can be described well by the stochastic scenario provided the extinction is moderate, E(B-V) ~0.15, for both populations, although our simulation might be overpredicting the number of bright LBGs at z=6. We also discuss the correlation function and bias of LAEs. The Ly-a LFs at z=6 in a field-of-view of 0.2 deg^2 show a significantly larger scatter owing to cosmic variance relative to that in a 1 deg^2 field, and the scatter seen in the current observational estimates of the Ly-a LF can be accounted for by cosmic variance.

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