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arXiv 0802.0210astro-ph
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盘状和椭圆星系与黑洞的等质量和不等质量合并

Equal- and unequal-mass mergers of disk and elliptical galaxies with black holes

Peter H. Johansson, Thorsten Naab, Andreas Burkert

摘要:

我们提出了不同的质量比和不同的祖先形态的双星星系合并模拟。这些模拟包括富气盘合并(Sp-Sp)、早型星系和盘合并(E-Sp,混合合并)以及早型星系合并(E-E,干合并)。我们遵循气体,恒星和暗物质的动力学,包括辐射冷却,恒星形成和黑洞(BH)吸积。对于Sp-Sp合并,随着母体质量比的增大,恒星形成速率和BH吸积速率的峰值减小,中心黑洞和新形成恒星的生长时间尺度增大. BH吸积速率的峰值通常发生在BH合并后不久的时间为低祖质量比(例如3:1和更低),而对于较高的祖质量比有没有明确的BH吸积速率峰值和BH合并时间之间的相关性。在盘合并中,BH反馈导致的恒星形成的终止对于更高的祖先质量比(例如3:1或更高)来说是不那么重要的。此外,BH反馈的加入有效地抑制了干E-E合并和混合E-Sp合并中的恒星形成。所有的合并残留物,与它们的祖先无关,都遵循观测到的中心BH质量与恒星速度色散M_BH-σ、核球质量M_BH-M_* 和核球结合能M_BH- M_{*} σ ^[2]之间的关系,而散射的主要来源是初始气体质量分数的变化。所有关系式的归一化以及M_BH-σ和M_BH- M_{*} σ ^2关系式的模拟斜率与观测值吻合得很好,而M_BH-M_* 关系式的模拟斜率比观测值略陡。(节略)

英文摘要:

We present binary galaxy merger simulations with varying mass ratios and different progenitor morphologies. The simulations include mergers of gas-rich disks (Sp-Sp), of early-type galaxies and disks (E-Sp, mixed mergers), and mergers of early-type galaxies (E-E, dry mergers). We follow the dynamics of gas, stars and dark matter, and include radiative cooling, star formation and black hole (BH) accretion. For Sp-Sp mergers, the peak star formation rate and BH accretion rate decrease and the growth timescales of the central black holes and newly formed stars increase with higher progenitor mass ratios. The peak BH accretion rate typically occurs shortly after the time of BH merging for low progenitor mass ratios (e.g. 3:1 and lower), whereas for higher progenitor mass ratios there is no clear correlation between the peak BH accretion rate and BH merging time. The termination of star formation by BH feedback in disk mergers is significantly less important for higher progenitor mass ratios (e.g. 3:1 and higher). In addition, the inclusion of BH feedback suppresses efficiently star formation in dry E-E mergers and mixed E-Sp mergers. All merger remnants, independent of their progenitors, follow the observed relations between the central BH mass and the stellar velocity dispersion M_BH-sigma, the bulge mass M_BH-M_* and the bulge binding energy M_BH-M_{*}sigma^2, with the dominant source of scatter arising from variations in the initial gas mass fraction. The normalizations for all relations and the simulated slope of the M_BH-sigma and M_BH-M_{*}sigma^2 relations are in good agreement with the observations, whereas the simulated slope of the M_BH-M_* relation is slightly steeper compared to the observations. (abridged)

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