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arXiv 0710.0663astro-ph
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SAURON对椭圆星系形成大合并情景的挑战

SAURON's Challenge for the Major Merger Scenario of Elliptical Galaxy Formation

Andreas Burkert, Thorsten Naab, Peter H. Johansson

摘要:

模拟合并残留物的内在各向异性三角洲和扁平化的椭圆星系已被观察到的SAURON合作,并使用轴对称史瓦西模型进行了分析比较。恒星盘的无碰撞双星合并和带有额外等温气体成分的恒星盘合并,忽略恒星形成,不能重现所观察到的趋势δ = 0.55 π(SAURON关系)。然而,对于气体分数>= 20%的盘的合并模拟,包括恒星形成和恒星能量反馈,发现了一个很好的适合SAURON关系的扁平椭圆星系,φ>= 0.25。巨大的黑洞反馈并不强烈影响这一结果。然而,合并残留物随后的干合并并没有产生缓慢旋转的SAURON椭圆星系,其特征是低椭圆度< 0.25和低各向异性。这表明在红星系序列中至少有一些椭圆星系不是由盘或早期星系的双星合并形成的。我们表明,恒星球状体产生的多个,层次合并的恒星爆发的亚单位在宇宙学的背景下是在很好的协议与低的椭圆度和各向异性的缓慢旋转的SAURON椭圆和他们观察到的趋势三角洲与α。数值模拟表明,SAURON关系可能是多个运动学冷恒星子单元的强烈的剧烈弛豫和相位混合的结果,系统的角动量决定了它在关系上的位置。

英文摘要:

The intrinsic anisotropy delta and flattening epsilon of simulated merger remnants is compared with elliptical galaxies that have been observed by the SAURON collaboration, and that were analysed using axisymmetric Schwarzschild models. Collisionless binary mergers of stellar disks and disk mergers with an additional isothermal gas component, neglecting star formation cannot reproduce the observed trend delta = 0.55 epsilon (SAURON relationship). An excellent fit of the SAURON relationship for flattened ellipticals with epsilon >= 0.25 is however found for merger simulations of disks with gas fractions >= 20%, including star formation and stellar energy feedback. Massive black hole feedback does not strongly affect this result. Subsequent dry merging of merger remnants however does not generate the slowly-rotating SAURON ellipticals which are characterized by low ellipticities epsilon < 0.25 and low anisotropies. This indicates that at least some ellipticals on the red galaxy sequence did not form by binary mergers of disks or early-type galaxies. We show that stellar spheroids resulting from multiple, hierarchical mergers of star-bursting subunits in a cosmological context are in excellent agreement with the low ellipticities and anisotropies of the slowly rotating SAURON ellipticals and their observed trend of delta with epsilon. The numerical simulations indicate that the SAURON relation might be a result of strong violent relaxation and phase mixing of multiple, kinematically cold stellar subunits with the angular momentum of the system determining its location on the relation.

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