Raimundo Araújo dos Santos, Mihai Tibăr
We present a general criterion for the existence of open book structures defined by real map germs $(\bR^m, 0) \to (\bR^p, 0)$, where $m> p \ge 2$, with isolated critical point. We show that this is satisfied by weighted-homogeneous maps. We also derive sufficient conditions in case of map germs with isolated critical value.
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We prove extensions of Milnor's theorem for germs with nonisolated singularity and use them to find new classes of genuine real analytic mappings $ψ$ with positive dimensional singular locus $\Sing ψ\subset ψ^{-1}(0)$, for which the Milnor fibration exists and yields an open book structure with singular binding.
In this article, we study the topology of real analytic germs $F \colon (\C^3,0) \to (\C,0)$ given by $F(x,y,z)=\overline{xy}(x^p+y^q)+z^r$ with $p,q,r \in \N$, $p,q,r \geq 2$ and $(p,q)=1$. Such a germ gives rise to a Milnor fibration $\frac{F}{\mid F \mid} \colon \Sp^5\setminus L_F \to \Sp^1$. We describe the link $L_F$ as a Seifert manifold and we show that in many cases the open-book decomposition of $\Sp^5$ given by the Milnor fibration of $F$ cannot come from the Milnor fibration of a complex singularity in $\C^3$.
In the present article we determine and characterize completely the support genus, the binding number and the norm of a page of an open book under the following restrictions: M is a rational homology sphere which can be realized as the link of a surface singularity. Moreover, we restrict ourselves to the collection of those open book decompositions which can be realized as Milnor fibrations determined by some analytic germ (the so-called Milnor open books).
In this article, we study the topology of the family of real analytic germs $F \colon (\mathbb{C}^3,0) \to (\mathbb{C},0)$ given by $F(x,y,z)=\bar{xy}(x^p+y^q)+z^r$ with $p,q,r \in \mathbb{N}$, $p,q,r \geq 2$ and $(p,q)=1$. Such a germ has isolated singularity at 0 and gives rise to a Milnor fibration $\frac{F}{|F|} \colon \mathbb{S}^{5} \setminus L_F \to \mathbb{S}^{1}$. We describe the link $L_F$ as a Seifert manifold and we show that it is always homeomorphic to the link of a complex singularity. However, we prove that in almost all the cases the open-book decomposition of $\mathbb{S}^{5}$ …
We provide significant conditions under which we prove the existence of stable open book structures at infinity, i.e. on spheres $S^{m-1}_R$ of large enough radius $R$. We obtain new classes of real polynomial maps $\mathbb R^m \to \mathbb R^p$ which induce such structures.
The image complexity of an analytic map germ
本研究针对全纯映射芽像的局部开性与集合芽良定义性问题，刻画了靶空间为曲面时映射芽像的结构，将其编码为带装饰树并推导得出复杂度度数。
We define local fibration structures for real map germs with strictly positive dimensional discriminant: a local fibration structure over the complement of the discriminant, and a complete local fibration structure which includes the stratified discriminant into the picture. We provide new classes of map germs endowed with such local fibration structures.
For a map germ $G$ with target $(\mathbb C^{p}, 0)$ or $(\mathbb R^{p}, 0)$ with $p\ge 2$, we address two phenomena which do not occur when $p=1$: the image of $G$ may be not well-defined as a set germ, and a local fibration near the origin may not exist. We show how these two phenomena are related, and how they can be characterised.
We consider a corank $1$, finitely determined, quasi-homogeneous map germ $f$ from $(\mathbb{C}^2,0)$ to $(\mathbb{C}^3,0)$. We describe the embedded topological type of a generic hyperplane section of $f(\mathbb{C}^2)$, denoted by $γ_f$, in terms of the weights and degrees of $f$. As a consequence, a necessary condition for a corank $1$ finitely determined map germ $g:(\mathbb{C}^2,0)\rightarrow (\mathbb{C}^3,0)$ to be quasi-homogeneous is that the plane curve $γ_g$ has either two or three characteristic exponents. As an application of our main result, we also show that any one-parameter unfo…
Let (X,0) be a germ of complex analytic normal variety, non-singular outside 0. An essential divisor over (X,0) is a divisorial valuation of the field of meromorphic functions on (X,0), whose center on any resolution of the germ is an irreducible component of the exceptional locus. The Nash map associates to each irreducible component of the space of arcs through 0 on X the unique essential divisor intersected by the strict transform of the generic arc in the component. Nash proved its injectivity and asked if it was bijective. We prove that this is the case if there exists a divisorial resolu…
In this work, we consider a quasi-homogeneous, corank $1$, finitely determined map germ $f$ from $(\mathbb{C}^2,0)$ to $(\mathbb{C}^3,0)$. We consider the invariants $m(f(D(f))$ and $J$, where $m(f(D(f))$ denotes the multiplicity of the image of the double point curve $D(f)$ of $f$ and $J$ denotes the number of tacnodes that appears in a stabilization of the transversal slice curve of $f(\mathbb{C}^2)$. We present formulas to calculate $m(f(D(f))$ and $J$ in terms of the weights and degrees of $f$.
We introduce the sphere fibration for real map germs with radial discriminant and we address the problem of its equivalence with the Milnor-Hamm tube fibration. Under natural conditions, we prove the existence of open book structures with singularities and solve the equivalence problem.
In this article we study the topology of a family of real analytic germs $F \colon (\mathbb{C}^3,0) \to (\mathbb{C},0)$ with isolated critical point at 0, given by $F(x,y,z)=f(x,y)\bar{g(x,y)}+z^r$, where $f$ and $g$ are holomorphic, $r \in \mathbb{Z}^+$ and $r \geq 2$. We describe the link $L_F$ as a graph manifold using its natural open book decomposition, related to the Milnor fibration of the map-germ $f \bar{g}$ and the description of its monodromy as a quasi-periodic diffeomorphism through its Nielsen invariants. Furthermore, such a germ $F$ gives rise to a Milnor fibration $\frac{F}{|F|…
Equisingularity of families of map germs from the plane to 3-space
本文通过源空间中单一不变量（曲线 $W_t(f)$ 的 Milnor 数）的恒定性，刻画了从平面到三维空间有限确定映射芽展开的 Whitney 等奇异性，回答了 Ruas 1994 年的问题。
In this work we define some map-germs, called elementary joins, for the purpose of producing new ${\mathcal A}$-finite map-germs from them. In particular, we describe a general form of an ${\mathcal A}$-finite monomial map from $(\mathbb{C}^n,0)$ to $(\mathbb{C}^{p},0)$ for $p\geq 2n$ of any corank in terms of elementary join maps. Our main tools are the delta invariant and some invariants of curves.
We give the first examples of finitely determined map-germs of corank 3 defined from 3-space to 4-space. We show that they support Mond's conjecture which states that the image Milnor number is greater than or equal to $\mathcal{A}_e$-codimension for a finitely determined map-germ from $n$-space to $(n+1)$-space (with equality for weighted homogeneous case).
Let f and g be holomorphic function-germs vanishing at the origin of a complex analytic germ of dimension three. Suppose that they have no common irreducible component and that the real analytic map-germ given by the multiplication of f by the conjugate of g has an isolated critical value at 0. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the real analytic map-germ to have a Milnor fibration and we prove that in this case the boundary of its Milnor fibre is a Waldhausen manifold. As an intermediate milestone we describe geometrically the Milnor fibre of map-germs given by the multiplication…
This survey paper is based on my IMPANGA lectures given in the Banach Center, Warsaw in January 2011. We study the moduli of holomorphic map germs from the complex line into complex compact manifolds with applications in global singularity theory and the theory of hyperbolic algebraic varieties.
Lipschitz geometry of the image of finite mappings
本文研究复解析超曲面参数化芽的LNE性质，证明了重数等于一般次数的有限解析映射芽的像在原点为LNE等价于其为光滑芽，还给出了余秩1映射及单射映射芽的相关LNE等价条件。
We produce new examples supporting the Mond conjecture which can be stated as follows. The number of parameters needed for a miniversal unfolding of a finitely determined map-germ from $n$-space to $(n+1)$-space is less than (or equal to if the map-germ is weighted homogeneous) the rank of the $n$th homology group of the image of a stable perturbation of the map-germ. We give examples of finitely determined map-germs of corank 2 from 3-space to 4-space satisfying the conjecture. We introduce a new type of augmentations to generate series of finitely determined map-germs in dimensions $(n,n+1)$…
Let $P^{k}(n,p) $ be the set of all real polynomial map germs $f = ( f_1 , ..., f_p ) : (\mathbb{R}^{n},0) \rightarrow (\mathbb{R}^{p},0)$ with degree of $f_1 , ...,f_p$ less than or equal to $ k \in \mathbb{N}$. The main result of this paper shows that the set of equivalence classes of $ P^{k}(n,p)$, with respect to multi-$\mathcal{K}$-bi-Lipschitz equivalence, is finite.
We compute the homology of the multiple point spaces of stable perturbations of two germs $(\mathbb{C}^n,0)\to (\mathbb{C}^{n+1},0)$ of corank 2, one with $n=3$ and one with $n=5$. We use a variety of techniques based on the image computing spectral sequence ICSS. We provide a reasonably detailed introduction to the ICSS, including some low-dimensional examples of its use. The paper is partly expository.
We give formulas for the image Milnor number of a weighted-homogeneous map-germ $(\mathbb{C}^n,0)\to(\mathbb{C}^{n+1},0)$, for $n=4$ and $5$, in terms of weights and degrees. Our expressions are obtained by a purely interpolative method, applied to a result by Ohmoto. We use our approach to recover the formulas for $n=2$ and $3$ due to Mond and Ohmoto, respectively. For $n\geq 6$, the method is valid as long as certain multi-singularity conjecture holds.
For a complex analytic map f from n-space to p-space with n<p and with an isolated instability at the origin, the disentanglement of f is a local stabilization of f that is analogous to the Milnor fibre for functions. For mono-germs it is known that the disentanglement is a wedge of spheres of possibly varying dimensions. In this paper we give a condition that allows us to deduce that the same is true for a large class of multi-germs.
Good real pictures of corank one map germs from the $n$-space to the $(n+1)$-space
本文研究余秩一 A-有限实映射芽何时能给出复芽的良好实图像，提出了一个可实际计算的充分条件，并辅以例子说明。
In 1971, Zariski proposed some questions in Theory of Singularities. One of such problems is the so-called, nowadays, Zariski's multiplicity conjecture. In this work, we consider the version of this conjecture for families. We answer positively Zariski's multiplicity conjecture for a special class of non-isolated singularities.
Let $M$ be a smooth surface in $\mathbb R^3$ (or a complex surface in $\mathbb C^3$) and $k\geq 2$ be an integer. At any point on $M$ and for any plane in $\mathbb R^3$, we construct a holomorphic map-germ $(\mathbb C^2,0)\to(\mathbb C^3,0)$ of the form $F_k(x,y)= (x,y^k,f(x,y))$, called a $k$-folding map-germ. We study in this paper the local singularities of $k$-folding map-germs and relate them to the extrinsic differential geometry of $M$. More precisely, we (1) stratify the jet space of $k$-folding map-germs so that the strata of codimension $\le 4$ correspond to topologically equivalent …
We study liftable vector fields of smooth map-germs. We show how to obtain the module of liftable vector fields of any map-germ of finite singularity type from the module of liftable vector fields of a stable unfolding of it. As an application, we obtain the liftable vector fields for the family $H_k$ in Mond's list. We then show the relation between the liftable vector fields of a stable germ and its augmentations.
In this paper, two sufficient conditions are provided for given two K-equivalent map-germs to be bi-Lipschitz A-equivalent. These are Lipschitz analogues of the known results on C^r-A-equivalence $(0 \leq r \leq \infty)$ for given two K-equivalent map-germs. As a corollary of one of our results, a Lipschitz version of the well-known Fukuda-Fukuda theorem is provided.
Let $f\colon (\mathbb C^n,S)\to (\mathbb C^p,0)$ be a finite map-germ with $n<p$ and $Y_δ$ the image of a small perturbation $f_δ$. We show that the reduced cohomology of $Y_δ$ is concentrated in a range of degrees determined by the dimension of the instability locus of $f$. In the case $n\geq p$ we obtain an analogous result, replacing finiteness by $\mathcal K$-finiteness and $Y_δ$ by the discriminant $Δ(f_δ)$. We also study the monodromy associated to the perturbation $f_δ$.
On invariants of a map germ from n-space to 2n-space
本文研究从n维空间到2n维空间的映射芽不变量，用Mond理想计算二重点数，并在拟齐次情形下给出权与次数的计算公式，进而刻画Whitney等奇异性并计算像的Euler阻碍。
Equivalence of germs (of mappings and sets) over k vs that over K
研究映射与集合germ在不同基环上的等价性，证明了在更一般的条件下，映射的等价性在不同基环上保持一致，且探讨了复分析与实分析之间的关系。
Denote by $H(d_1,d_2,d_3)$ the set of all homogeneous polynomial mappings $F=(f_1,f_2,f_3): \C^3\to\C^3$, such that $°f_i=d_i$. We show that if $\gcd(d_i,d_j)\leq 2$ for $1\leq i<j\leq 3$ and $\gcd(d_1,d_2,d_3)=1$, then there is a non-empty Zariski open subset $U\subset H(d_1,d_2,d_3)$ such that for every mapping $F\in U$ the map germ $(F,0)$ is $\mathcal{A}$-finitely determined. Moreover, in this case we compute the number of discrete singularities ($0$-stable singularities) of a generic mapping $(f_1,f_2,f_3):\C^3\to\C^3$, where $°f_i=d_i$.
Let $(X,0)$ be an ICIS of dimension 2 and let $f:(X,0)\to (\C^2,0)$ be a map germ with an isolated instability. We look at the invariants that appear when $X_s$ is a smoothing of $(X,0)$ and $f_s:X_s\to B_ε$ is a stabilization of $f$. We find relations between these invariants and also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a $1$-parameter family to be Whitney equisingular. As an application, we show that a family $(X_t,0)$ is Zariski equisingular if and only if it is Whitney equisingular and the numbers of cusps and double folds of a generic linear projection are constant on $t$.
The classification of map-germs up to the natural right-left equivalence (also known as A-equivalence) is often complicated. Certainly it is more complicated than K-equivalence which is extremely easy to work with because the associated tangent spaces are not 'mixed' modules as they are in the A-equivalence case. In this paper we use a version of K-equivalence, denoted $_V$K-equivalence, that is defined using K-equivalences that preserve a variety in the source of maps to classify maps up to A-equivalence. This is possible through making clear the connection between the two equivalences - prev…
On the complement to a real caustic germ of type $E_6$
该研究证明了$E_6^\pm$型稳定拉格朗日映射芽的焦散补集的连通分支数量与拓扑性质，明确了不可缩分支原像的连通性及映射在各分支上的限制类型。
In \cite{K-rig}, a map $β:\mathcal R\to\mathcal{B}el$ from the set $\mathcal R$ of equivalence classes of rigid germs of finite morphisms branched in germs of curves having $ADE$ singularity types onto the set $\mathcal{B}el$ of rational Belyi pairs $f:\mathbb P^1\to\mathbb P^1$ considered up to the action of $PGL(2,\mathbb C)$ was defined. In this article, the inverse images of this map are investigated in terms of monodromies of Belyi pairs.
In the paper a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for \textit{v-}sufficiency (equiv. \textit{sv-}sufficiency) of jets of map-germs $f:(\mathbb{R}^{n},0)\to (\mathbb{R}^{m},0)$ is proved which generalize both the Kuiper-Kuo and the Thom conditions in the function case ($m=1$) so as the Kuo conditions in the general map case ($m>1$). Contrary to the Kuo conditions the conditions proved in the paper do not require to verify any inequalities in a so-called horn-neighborhood of the (a'priori unknown) set $f^{-1}(0)$. Instead, the proposed conditions reduce the problem on \textit{v-}sufficie…
If $(\widetilde{X},E)\to (X,o)$ is the resolution of a complex normal surface singularity and $c_1:{\rm Pic}(\widetilde{X})\to H^2(\widetilde{X},{\mathbb Z})$ is the Chern class map, then ${\rm Pic}^{l'}(\widetilde{X}):= c_1^{-1}(l')$ has a (Brill--Noether type) stratification $W_{l', k}:= \{{\mathcal L}\in {\rm Pic}^{l'}(\widetilde{X})\,:\, h^1({\mathcal L})=k\}$. In this note we determine it for elliptic singularities together with the stratification according to the cycle of fixed components. For elliptic singularities we also characterize the End Curve Condition and Weak End Curve Conditio…
Zariski's multiplicity conjecture for quasihomogeneous hypersurfaces with non-isolated singularities
本文针对2≤n≤4维拟齐次非孤立奇点超曲面，利用拟齐次正规形推导出由权重和次数决定的重数显式公式，证明重数在拓扑等价下不变，从而证实Zariski重数猜想。
We prove that every map-germ ${f \bar g}: (\C^n,\0) {\to}(\C,0)$ with an isolated critical value at 0 has the Thom $a_{f \bar g}$-property. This extends Hironaka's theorem for holomorphic mappings to the case of map-germs $f \bar g$ and it implies that every such map-germ has a Milnor-Lê fibration defined on a Milnor tube. One thus has a locally trivial fibration $ϕ: \mathbb S_\e \setminus K \to \mathbb S^1$ for every sufficiently small sphere around $\0$, where $K$ is the link of $f \bar g$ and in a neighbourhood of $K$ the projection map $ϕ$ is given by $f \bar g / | f \bar g|$.
Isotypical components of the homology of ICIS and images of deformations of map germs
本文提出研究有限群作用单纯复形同调同型分量的方法，并用于ICIS的Milnor纤维，系统分析映射芽形变之像的同调与像Milnor数的推广，修正并证明Houston猜想。
We construct all codimension 1 multi-germs of maps (k^n,T)-->(k^p,0) with n > p-2, (n,p) nice dimensions, k = R or C, by augmentation and concetenation operations, starting from mon-germs (|T|=1). As an application, we prove general results for multi-germs of corank <2: every one has a real form with real perturbation carrying the vanishing homology of the complexification, every one is quasihomogeneous, and when n=p-1 every one has image Milnor number equal to 1 (the comparable result for n>p-1 being already known).
This paper considers the problems of finite determinacy and approximation of flat analytic maps from germs of real or complex analytic spaces. It is shown that the flatness of analytic maps from germs of real or complex analytic spaces whose local rings are Cohen-Macaulay is finitely determined. Further, it is shown that flat maps from complete intersection and Cohen-Macaulay analytic germs can be arbitrarily closely approximated by algebraic and Nash maps respectively in such a way that the Hilbert-Samuel function of the special fibre is preserved. It is also proved that in the complex case t…
The decomposition of a two dimensional complex germ with non-isolated singularity into semi-algebraic sets is given. This decomposition consists of four classes: Riemannian cones defined over a Seifert fibered manifold, a topological cone over thickened tori endowed with Cheeger-Nagase metric, a topological cone over mapping torus endowed with Hsiang-Pati metric and a topological cone over the tubular neighbourhoods of the link's singularities. In this decomposition there exist semi-algebraic sets that are metrically conical over the manifolds constituting the link. The germ is reconstituted u…
On the topology of complex map-germs and a general Lê-Greuel formula
本文利用分层 Morse 理论，为奇异复映射芽建立了比较 Milnor 纤维 Euler 特征的通用 Lê-Greuel 公式，统一了 ICIS、曲线、曲面、行列式奇点及像 Milnor 数等已知公式。
Singularities of mappings on ICIS and applications to Whitney equisingularity
本文定义 ICIS 上解析映射芽的像 Milnor 数，证明其形变守恒，并以 $\mu_I^*$ 序列恒常性刻画余秩一映射芽族的 Whitney 等奇性。
We show that the knot type of the link of a real analytic map germ with isolated singularity $f\colon(\mathbb{R}^2,0)\to(\mathbb{R}^4,0)$ is a complete invariant for $C^0$-$\mathscr A$-equivalence. Moreover, we also prove that isolated instability implies $C^0$-finite determinacy, giving an explicit estimate for its degree. For the general case of real analytic map germs, $f\colon (\mathbb{R}^n,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb{R}^p,0)$ ($n \leq p$), we use the Lojasiewicz exponent associated to the Mond's double point ideal $I^2(f)$ to obtain some criteria of Lipschitz and analytic regularity.
A characterization of quasi-homogeneity in terms of liftable vector fields
本文通过稳定开折与实质开折的性质，证明了余秩1等维有限决定映射芽在特定条件下拟齐次性与允许实质开折等价，并提出一般性猜想。
Fitting Ideals without a Presentation
本文提出无表示下Fitting理想的新构造方法，推广了Mond-Pellikaan结果并修正Piene定理，适用于有限全纯映射芽。
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