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arXiv 0712.4233cond-mat.dis-nncond-mat.mtrl-sci
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通过研究晶体中的相关现象,深入了解过冷液体中的玻璃形成和玻璃化转变

Insights into glass formation and glass transition in supercooled liquids, by study of related phenomena in crystals

C. Austen Angell

摘要:

我们将玻璃和粘性液体科学分为两个主要的研究领域,第一个涉及如何避免晶体,从而获得粘性液体状态,第二个涉及没有晶体形成时液体的行为。我们回顾了目前的一些努力,以阐明每个领域,在第一个单原子金属的玻璃化策略,以及在第二个属性的脆弱性的起源。这里的关键是玻璃形成器热力学的非平凡行为。我们探讨了粘性液体中的非指数松弛和动力学不均匀性的研究结果,强调了直接激发构型模式的方式有助于区分构型和非构型对过剩热容的贡献。然后,我们提出了一个计划,了解无机网络和非网络玻璃形成,其中包括水作为中间体的异常情况之间的关系。在最后一节中,我们将探讨通过研究无序晶体中发生的遍历性破坏、玻璃状转变所获得的额外见解。在这里,我们强调系统中的背景热力学的理解,因为遍历行为是一个lambda过渡。水和经典的网络玻璃形成剂似乎是这些的衰减版本。

英文摘要:

We divide glass and viscous liquid sciences into two major research areas, the first dealing with how to avoid crystals and so access the viscous liquid state, and the second dealing with how liquids behave when no crystals form. We review some current efforts to elucidate each area, looking at strategies for vitrification of monatomic metals in the first, and the origin of the property fragility in the second. Essential here is the non- trivial behavior of the glassformer thermodynamics. We explore the findings on nonexponential relaxationand dynamic heterogeneities in viscous liquids, emphasizing the way in which direct excitation of the configurational modes has helped differentiate configurational from nonconfigurational contributions to the excess heat capacity. We then propose a scheme for understanding the relation between inorganic network and non-network glassformers which includes the anomalous case of water as an intermediate. In a final section we examine the additional insights to be gained by study of the ergodicity-breaking, glass-like, transitions that occur in disordering crystals. Here we highlight systems in which the background thermodynamics is understood because the ergodic behavior is a lambda transition. Water and the classical network glassformers appear to be attenuated versions of these.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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