哥白尼原理的一般检验
A general test of the Copernican Principle
摘要：
最近发现的明显的宇宙加速突出了我们对自然的基本性质的无知。人们通常认为，对加速的解释必须来自一种支配宇宙的新形式的能量--暗能量--或者是爱因斯坦相对论的修正。然而，经常被忽视的是，目前对数据的可行的替代解释是径向不均匀性，它在没有任何加速度的情况下改变了哈勃图。这种解释经常被忽视，原因有二：径向不均匀性使分析和预测变得非常复杂，因此没有研究过全部细节;这是一个在理论上极具争议的观点，因为它推翻了长期以来的哥白尼原理。到目前为止，还没有一种通用的方法来确定哥白尼原理的有效性-我们生活在宇宙中的一个典型位置-大大削弱了宇宙学作为科学努力的基础。在这里，我们提出了一个观测测试哥白尼假设，可以自动实现，而我们在未来十年寻找暗能量。我们的测试完全独立于任何暗能量模型或引力理论，因此代表了哥白尼原理的模型独立测试。
英文摘要：
The recent discovery of apparent cosmic acceleration has highlighted the depth of our ignorance of the fundamental properties of nature. It is commonly assumed that the explanation for acceleration must come from a new form of energy dominating the cosmos - dark energy - or a modification of Einstein's theory of Relativity. It is often overlooked, however, that a currently viable alternative explanation of the data is radial inhomogeneity which alters the Hubble diagram without any acceleration. This explanation is often ignored for two reasons: radial inhomogeneity significantly complicates analysis and predictions, and so the full details have not been investigated; and it is a philosophically highly controversial idea, revoking as it does the long-held Copernican Principle. To date, there has not been a general way of determining the validity if the Copernican Principle -- that we live at a typical position in the universe -- significantly weakening the foundations of cosmology as a scientific endeavour. Here we present an observational test for the Copernican assumption which can be automatically implemented while we search for dark energy in the coming decade. Our test is entirely independent of any model for dark energy or theory of gravity and thereby represents a model-independent test of the Copernican Principle.
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