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arXiv 0712.2495cond-mat.othercond-mat.stat-mech
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吸引玻色系统的量子不稳定性

On the Quantum Instability of Attractive Bose Systems

George E. Cragg, Arthur K. Kerman

摘要:

我们探讨零温度行为的玻色子通过零程,吸引势相互作用的组装。由于两体相互作用允许一个束缚态,所以多体模型最好用一个包含原子和分子成分之间耦合的哈密顿量来描述。由于正散射长度,尽管颗粒之间存在吸引力,低密度收集预计仍保持稳定以防止崩溃。虽然变分多体分析表明,在低密度下,其凝聚体只有一个分子组分的坍塌解,但如果允许化学势为复值,则可以得到预期的原子凝聚体解。除了揭示两个离散的本征频率与分子的情况下,在小振荡的扩展量化的虚部的化学势成正比的相干衰减率的原子凝聚体到一个连续的集体声子激发的崩溃较低的状态。

英文摘要:

We explore the zero-temperature behavior of an assembly of bosons interacting through a zero-range, attractive potential. Because the two-body interaction admits a bound state, the many-body model is best described by a Hamiltonian that includes the coupling between atomic and molecular components. Due to the positive scattering length, the low-density collection is expected to remain stable against collapse despite the attraction between particles. Although a variational many-body analysis indicates a collapsing solution with only a molecular component to its condensate at low density, the expected atomic condensate solution can be obtained if the chemical potential is allowed to be complex valued. In addition to revealing two discrete eigenfrequencies associated with the molecular case, an expansion in small oscillations quantifies the imaginary part of the chemical potential as proportional to a coherent decay rate of the atomic condensate into a continuum of collective phonon excitations about the collapsing lower state.

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