基于3D超声图像的软组织跟踪：经直肠超声前列腺图像对准系统
Towards 3D ultrasound image based soft tissue tracking: a transrectal ultrasound prostate image alignment system
摘要：
实时3D超声（US）的出现使得可以考虑基于图像的皮下软组织目标跟踪，以用于计算机引导的诊断和治疗。我们提出了一种基于3D经直肠超声的跟踪系统，用于精确的前列腺活检样本定位。目的是改善样本分布，使重复活检的未采样区域成为目标，并使介入后质量控制成为可能。由于患者未被固定，由于前列腺是移动的，并且由于在活检采集期间探头移动仅受直肠约束的事实，因此跟踪系统必须能够估计超出常见图像相似性度量的捕获范围的刚性变换。我们提出了一种快速和强大的多分辨率属性向量配准方法，结合全局和局部优化方法来解决这个问题。全局优化是在探头运动模型上进行的，该探头运动模型降低了搜索空间的维数，从而使得优化有效。该方法进行了测试，从14个不同的患者3D到3D和3D到正交2D切片配准237前列腺体积。该算法的3D-3D版本在6.5s内正确收敛于96.7%的所有情况，精度为1.41mm（r.m.s.）3.84mm（最大）。3D到切片法的成功率为88.9%，2.3s，准确度为1.37mm（r.m.s.）。4.3mm（最大）。
英文摘要：
The emergence of real-time 3D ultrasound (US) makes it possible to consider image-based tracking of subcutaneous soft tissue targets for computer guided diagnosis and therapy. We propose a 3D transrectal US based tracking system for precise prostate biopsy sample localisation. The aim is to improve sample distribution, to enable targeting of unsampled regions for repeated biopsies, and to make post-interventional quality controls possible. Since the patient is not immobilized, since the prostate is mobile and due to the fact that probe movements are only constrained by the rectum during biopsy acquisition, the tracking system must be able to estimate rigid transformations that are beyond the capture range of common image similarity measures. We propose a fast and robust multi-resolution attribute-vector registration approach that combines global and local optimization methods to solve this problem. Global optimization is performed on a probe movement model that reduces the dimensionality of the search space and thus renders optimization efficient. The method was tested on 237 prostate volumes acquired from 14 different patients for 3D to 3D and 3D to orthogonal 2D slices registration. The 3D-3D version of the algorithm converged correctly in 96.7% of all cases in 6.5s with an accuracy of 1.41mm (r.m.s.) and 3.84mm (max). The 3D to slices method yielded a success rate of 88.9% in 2.3s with an accuracy of 1.37mm (r.m.s.) and 4.3mm (max).
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