前列腺活检辅助系统与腺体变形估计，以提高精度
Prostate Biopsy Assistance System with Gland Deformation Estimation for Enhanced Precision
摘要：
计算机辅助前列腺活检成为一个非常活跃的研究领域，在过去的几年。前列腺跟踪使得有可能克服当前标准经直肠超声（TRUS）活组织检查过程的若干缺点，即可能导致质量差的活组织检查分布的不足的靶向准确度，关于采样组织的实际位置的非常近似的知识，这使得难以基于活组织检查结果来实施聚焦治疗策略，以及最后精确到达源自不同模态、统计图谱或先前活检系列的非超声（US）目标的困难。目前提出的前列腺跟踪系统仅限于刚性变换跟踪。但是，由于超声探头压力和患者移动，腺体在介入过程中可能会发生相当大的变形。我们建议使用3D US结合基于图像的弹性配准来估计这些变形。提出了一种快速的弹性配准算法，该算法能够处理频繁出现的US阴影。进行了一项患者队列研究，其产生了0.83 ± 0.54 mm的统计学显著体内准确度。
英文摘要：
Computer-assisted prostate biopsies became a very active research area during the last years. Prostate tracking makes it possi- ble to overcome several drawbacks of the current standard transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy procedure, namely the insufficient targeting accuracy which may lead to a biopsy distribution of poor quality, the very approximate knowledge about the actual location of the sampled tissues which makes it difficult to implement focal therapy strategies based on biopsy results, and finally the difficulty to precisely reach non-ultrasound (US) targets stemming from different modalities, statistical atlases or previous biopsy series. The prostate tracking systems presented so far are limited to rigid transformation tracking. However, the gland can get considerably deformed during the intervention because of US probe pres- sure and patient movements. We propose to use 3D US combined with image-based elastic registration to estimate these deformations. A fast elastic registration algorithm that copes with the frequently occurring US shadows is presented. A patient cohort study was performed, which yielded a statistically significant in-vivo accuracy of 0.83+-0.54mm.
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