全球太阳日冕II的模拟：日冕演化和细丝手征的比较
Modelling the Global Solar Corona II: Coronal Evolution and Filament Chirality Comparison
摘要：
利用新开发的模拟真实光球和三维日冕磁场在6个月的时间内，在全球范围内考虑太阳灯丝的半球模式。模拟中的磁场方向直接与观察到的细丝在其观察位置处的手性进行比较。在我们的模型中，日冕磁场通过一系列连续的非线性无力平衡而演化，以响应光球边界条件的变化和新的磁通量的出现。总共插入了119个磁性双极，其属性与观察到的活动区域相匹配。这些双极扭曲出现，并将磁螺旋度注入太阳大气层。当我们选择这个活跃区域螺旋度的符号来匹配在每个半球观察到的螺旋度时，该模型为高达96%的细丝产生了正确的手性，包括半球模式的例外。如果出现的双极子的螺旋度为零，或者螺旋度的符号相反，那么这个百分比就会大大减少。此外，该模拟在较长时间后产生具有正确手性的更高比例的细丝。这表明日冕场演变的一个关键因素是它的长期记忆，以及螺旋度在许多个月内从低纬度到高纬度的积累和传输。它强调了日冕场连续演化的重要性，而不是在不同时间独立的外推。这对未来的建模，如与日冕物质抛射的起源和发展有关的建模，具有重要的影响。
英文摘要：
The hemispheric pattern of solar filaments is considered using newly-developed simulations of the real photospheric and 3D coronal magnetic fields over a 6-month period, on a global scale. The magnetic field direction in the simulation is compared directly with the chirality of observed filaments, at their observed locations. In our model the coronal field evolves through a continuous sequence of nonlinear force-free equilibria, in response to the changing photospheric boundary conditions and the emergence of new magnetic flux. In total 119 magnetic bipoles with properties matching observed active regions are inserted. These bipoles emerge twisted and inject magnetic helicity into the solar atmosphere. When we choose the sign of this active-region helicity to match that observed in each hemisphere, the model produces the correct chirality for up to 96% of filaments, including exceptions to the hemispheric pattern. If the emerging bipoles have zero helicity, or helicity of the opposite sign, then this percentage is much reduced. In addition, the simulation produces a higher proportion of filaments with the correct chirality after longer times. This indicates that a key element in the evolution of the coronal field is its long-term memory, and the build-up and transport of helicity from low to high latitudes over many months. It highlights the importance of continuous evolution of the coronal field, rather than independent extrapolations at different times. This has significant consequences for future modelling such as that related to the origin and development of coronal mass ejections.
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