对于n个申请者的集合A和m个项目的集合I,我们考虑计算申请者与项目的匹配的问题,即,函数M将A映射到I;这里我们假设每个申请人$x \in A$提供I中项目的偏好列表。如果p在其偏好列表中位于比q更高的位置,则我们说申请人$x \in A$偏好项目p而不是项目q,并且如果x偏好M(x)而不是M '(x),则我们说x偏好匹配的M而不是匹配的M'。对于给定的匹配问题A、I和偏好列表,如果偏好M而不是M '的申请者的数量大于偏好M'而不是M的申请者的数量,则我们说M比M'更受欢迎,并且如果没有其他匹配比M更受欢迎,则M被称为受欢迎匹配。这里,我们考虑A被划分为$A_{1},A_{2},...,A_{k}$,并且每个$A_{i}$被分配权重$w_{i}>0$,使得w_{1} > w_{2} >..> w_{k} >0 $. For such a matching problem, we say that M is more popular than M' if the total weight of applicants preferring M over M' is larger than that of applicants preferring M' over M, and we call M an k-weighted popular matching if there is no other matching that is more popular than M. In this paper, we analyze the 2-weighted matching problem, and we show that (lower bound) if $ m/n^{4/3}=o(1)$, then a random instance of the 2-weighted matching problem with $ w_{1} \geq 2 w_{2} $ has a 2-weighted popular matching with probability o(1); and (upper bound) if $ n^{4/3}/m = o(1)$, then a random instance of the 2-weighted matching problem with $ w_{1} \geq 2 w_{2} $具有概率为1-o(1)的2加权流行匹配。
英文摘要:
For a set A of n applicants and a set I of m items, we consider a problem of computing a matching of applicants to items, i.e., a function M mapping A to I; here we assume that each applicant $x \in A$ provides a preference list on items in I. We say that an applicant $x \in A$ prefers an item p than an item q if p is located at a higher position than q in its preference list, and we say that x prefers a matching M over a matching M' if x prefers M(x) over M'(x). For a given matching problem A, I, and preference lists, we say that M is more popular than M' if the number of applicants preferring M over M' is larger than that of applicants preferring M' over M, and M is called a popular matching if there is no other matching that is more popular than M. Here we consider the situation that A is partitioned into $A_{1},A_{2},...,A_{k}$, and that each $A_{i}$ is assigned a weight $w_{i}>0$ such that w_{1}>w_{2}>...>w_{k}>0$. For such a matching problem, we say that M is more popular than M' if the total weight of applicants preferring M over M' is larger than that of applicants preferring M' over M, and we call M an k-weighted popular matching if there is no other matching that is more popular than M. In this paper, we analyze the 2-weighted matching problem, and we show that (lower bound) if $m/n^{4/3}=o(1)$, then a random instance of the 2-weighted matching problem with $w_{1} \geq 2w_{2}$ has a 2-weighted popular matching with probability o(1); and (upper bound) if $n^{4/3}/m = o(1)$, then a random instance of the 2-weighted matching problem with $w_{1} \geq 2w_{2}$ has a 2-weighted popular matching with probability 1-o(1).
Two-sided popular matchings in bipartite graphs with forbidden/forced elements and weights
二部图中的双边流行匹配是婚姻环境中稳定匹配的一个众所周知的推广,当偏好列表不完整时,它们尤其相关。在这种情况下,稳定匹配的基数可以小到最大匹配大小的一半。流行的匹配允许更大规模的分配,同时仍然保证一定的公平性条件。事实上,稳定匹配是最小大小的流行匹配,并且在给定实例中,最大大小的流行匹配可以是(ny)稳定匹配的大小的两倍。流行匹配的结构似乎比稳定匹配的结构更复杂,目前也更难理解。在本文中,我们专注于流行的匹配相关的三个优化问题。首先,我们对带有禁止和强制元素的流行匹配问题的复杂性进行了粒度分析,从而补充了[Cseh和Kavitha,2016]的结果。特别是,我们表明,决定是否存在一个流行的匹配(或没有)两个给定的边缘是NP-难。这意味着找到一个流行的匹配的最大值(或)。最小)权重是NP-难的,即使所有权重都是非负的,也不能近似到1/2(分别是任何因素)。[Cseh and Kavitha,2016]中的分解定理可以用于对具有非负权重的最大加权流行匹配问题进行1/2近似,从而完全解决这些问题的复杂性。
Finding popular branchings in vertex-weighted digraphs
流行匹配作为稳定匹配的一个宽松概念,近年来得到了广泛的研究。通过将流行匹配的概念应用于有向图中的分支,Kavitha et al.(2020年)推出热门分支机构。在有向图$G=(V_G,E_G)$中,每个顶点都对其引入的边具有优先级。对于$G$中的分支$B_1$和$B_2$,如果$v$更喜欢$B_1$的传入边而不是$B_2$的传入边,则顶点$v\in V_G$更喜欢$B_1$而不是$B_2$,其中具有任意传入边比没有传入边更好,并且如果偏好$B_1$的顶点的数量大于偏好$B_2$的顶点的数量,则$B_1$比$B_2$更受欢迎。如果没有分支比$B$更流行,则分支$B$称为流行分支。Kavitha等人(2020)提出了一种算法,当每个顶点的偏好由严格的偏序给出时,该算法可以找到一个流行的分支。利用加权树形图对偶的经典定理证明了该算法的有效性。在本文中,我们将流行分支推广到顶点加权有向图中的加权流行分支,其方式与Mestre(2014)的加权流行匹配相同。我们给出了一个寻找加权流行分支的算法,它扩展了Kavitha等人的算法,当每个顶点的偏好由一个全预序给出且权值满足一定条件时,我们的算法包括详细的程序所产生的顶点权重,其有效性是通过扩展的参数的对偶加权树形图。