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arXiv 0710.5231nlin.CDnucl-th
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圆形台球向三角形台球过渡中的反常壳效应

Anomalous shell effect in the transition from a circular to a triangular billiard

Ken-ichiro Arita, Matthias Brack

摘要:

我们将周期轨道理论应用于二维不可积台球系统,该系统的边界从圆形平滑变化到等边三角形。虽然经典动力学随着三角形变形的增加而变得混沌,但在其形状转变的过程中,它表现出非常明显的壳效应。一个半经典的分析表明,这种壳效应出现从余维二分叉的三角形周期轨道。Gutzwiller的半经典迹公式,使用三角形轨道分叉的全局一致近似,并包括其他孤立轨道的贡献,很好地描述了这个系统的粗粒度量子力学能级密度。我们还讨论了这里获得的大壳效应的离散对称性的作用。

英文摘要:

We apply periodic orbit theory to a two-dimensional non-integrable billiard system whose boundary is varied smoothly from a circular to an equilateral triangular shape. Although the classical dynamics becomes chaotic with increasing triangular deformation, it exhibits an astonishingly pronounced shell effect on its way through the shape transition. A semiclassical analysis reveals that this shell effect emerges from a codimension-two bifurcation of the triangular periodic orbit. Gutzwiller's semiclassical trace formula, using a global uniform approximation for the bifurcation of the triangular orbit and including the contributions of the other isolated orbits, describes very well the coarse-grained quantum-mechanical level density of this system. We also discuss the role of discrete symmetry for the large shell effect obtained here.

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