KATRIN实验中的系统学和背景抑制
Systematics and background suppression in the KATRIN experiment
摘要：
最近在美因茨和特罗伊茨克进行的利用氚β衰变的中微子质量实验已经达到了它们的灵敏度，得到的电子反中微子质量上限约为2 eV/c^2。卡尔斯鲁厄氚中微子实验（KATRIN）的设计灵敏度为0.2 eV/c^2（90% C.L.），将相对于先前的实验将信号速率提高约100倍，同时在光谱仪的0.93eV的增强能量分辨率下保持相同的低背景水平，该光谱仪在线性尺寸上按比例放大10倍。这种低背景速率只能通过主动和被动减少光谱仪本身和检测器区域中诱导的背景成分来实现。此外，需要仔细控制和分析系统误差的来源，例如氚源内部的能量损失或光谱仪能量标度的波动。本文综述了KATRIN降低本底率和确定系统学以及中微子质量灵敏度的方法。
英文摘要：
Recent neutrino mass experiments at Mainz and Troitsk using tritium beta-decay have reached their sensitivity potential, yielding upper limits of about 2 eV/c^2 for the electron antineutrino mass. The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN), designed to reach a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c^2 (90% C.L.), will improve the signal rate by a factor of about 100 with respect to previous experiments while maintaining the same low background level at an enhanced energy resolution of 0.93 eV of the spectrometer which is scaled up by a factor of 10 in linear dimensions. This low background rate can only be achieved by active and passive reduction of the background components induced by the spectrometer itself and in the detector region. Furthermore, sources of systematic errors such as energy losses inside the tritium source or fluctuations of the energy scale of the spectrometer need to be carefully controlled and analysed. An overview of KATRIN's method to reduce the background rate and to determine the systematics as well as the sensitivity on the neutrino mass will be presented.
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