从时空泡沫模型到味真空的微观结构
Towards a microscopic construction of flavour vacua from a space-time foam model
摘要：
简单的膨胀背景时空的味道振荡的影响，激发一些D粒子泡沫模型，计算玩具模型的玻色子味自由度。时空中D粒子缺陷的存在，可以以非保留味道的方式与有味道的粒子进行非平凡的相互作用（通过粒子捕获），在低能弦激发的有效场论中产生混合。此外，在捕获/散射过程中的D-粒子缺陷的反冲意味着洛伦兹破坏，然而，这可能是平均为零，在各向同性的D-粒子种群，但意味着非平凡的影响，在散射器。这两个功能意味着，风味混合状态看到一个非平凡的味道（福克空间）真空的类型介绍了布拉松和Vitiello在一般的背景下，理论与混合。我们讨论的正交性的味真空通常福克真空和味振荡在这些背景下的效果。进一步分析了Flavour真空的物态方程，发现对于D粒子反冲引起的慢膨胀率，它等价于一个宇宙学常数。这些新的非微扰贡献的真空能量的一些估计。如果味态的质量差和混合角为零，则贡献为零。
英文摘要：
The effect on flavour oscillations of simple expanding background space-times, motivated by some D-particle foam models, is calculated for a toy-model of bosons with flavour degrees of freedom. The presence of D-particle defects in the space-time, which can interact non trivially (via particle capture) with flavoured particles in a flavour non-preserving way, generates mixing in the effective field theory of low-energy string excitations. Moreover, the recoil of the D-particle defect during the capture/scattering process implies Lorentz violation, which however may be averaged to zero in isotropic D-particle populations, but implies non-trivial effects in correlators. Both features imply that the flavoured mixed state sees a non-trivial flavour (Fock-space) vacuum of a type introduced earlier by Blasone and Vitiello in a generic context of theories with mixing. We discuss the orthogonality of the flavour vacua to the usual Fock vacua and the effect on flavour oscillations in these backgrounds. Furthermore we analyse the equation of state of the Flavour vacuum, and find that, for slow expansion rates induced by D particle recoil, it is equivalent to that of a cosmological constant. Some estimates of these novel non-perturbative contribution to the vacuum energy are made. The contribution vanishes if the mass difference and the mixing angle of the flavoured states vanish.
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