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arXiv 0710.3190astro-ph
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Ia型超新星的钱德拉观测:SN 2002 bo,SN 2002 ic,SN 2005 gj和SN 2005 ke的X射线通量上限

Chandra Observations of Type Ia Supernovae: Upper Limits to the X-ray Flux of SN 2002bo, SN 2002ic, SN 2005gj, and SN 2005ke

John P. Hughes, Nikolai Chugai, Roger Chevalier, Peter Lundqvist, Eric Schlegel

摘要:

我们使用钱德拉X射线天文台对四颗Ia型超新星(SNe Ia)的X射线发射设定了敏感的上限。SN 2002 bo,一个正常的,虽然变红,附近的超新星Ia,在爆炸后9.3天被观察到。对于吸收的高温韧致辐射模型,通量极限为3.2 E-16 ergs/cm^2/s(0.5-2 keV波段)和4.1 E-15 ergs/cm^2/s(2-10 keV波段)。采用保守的模式假设和10 km/s的风速,我们得到了质量损失率为\dot{M} ~ 2 E-5 M_(\odot)/yr,这与其它Ia型超新星的H α线未被探测到所设定的极限相当。另外两个天体SN 2002 ic和SN 2005 gj分别在爆炸后260天和80天被观测到,它们是唯一显示出星周相互作用证据的Ia型超新星。SN 2002 ic的X射线通量上限比目前用来解释明亮光发射的相互作用模型的预测值低4倍。为了解决这一矛盾,我们调用混合冷致密的喷出物碎片进入前激波区,这产生增加的X射线吸收。适度的混合允许我们适应钱德拉上限。SN 2005 gj目前的研究较少。假设SN 2002 i的环星环境与SN 2002 i相同,SN 2005 gj的X射线通量上限比预测值低约4倍,这表明这里也发生了冷喷出物与前向激波的混合。我们对SN 2005 ke的Swift和Chandra数据的重新分析并没有证实以前报道的X射线探测。宿主星系NGC 3190(SN 2002 bo)和NGC 1371(SN 2005 ke)除了具有广泛的软X射线发射外,还具有一个低光度(LX ~ 3- 4 E40 ergs/s)的活动核。

英文摘要:

We set sensitive upper limits to the X-ray emission of four Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. SN 2002bo, a normal, although reddened, nearby SN Ia, was observed 9.3 days after explosion. For an absorbed, high temperature bremsstrahlung model the flux limits are 3.2E-16 ergs/cm^2/s (0.5-2 keV band) and 4.1E-15 ergs/cm^2/s (2-10 keV band). Using conservative model assumptions and a 10 km/s wind speed, we derive a mass loss rate of \dot{M} ~ 2E-5 M_\odot/yr, which is comparable to limits set by the non-detection of Halpha lines from other SNe Ia. Two other objects, SN 2002ic and SN 2005gj, observed 260 and 80 days after explosion, respectively, are the only SNe Ia showing evidence for circumstellar interaction. The SN 2002ic X-ray flux upper limits are ~4 times below predictions of the interaction model currently favored to explain the bright optical emission. To resolve this discrepancy we invoke the mixing of cool dense ejecta fragments into the forward shock region, which produces increased X-ray absorption. A modest amount of mixing allows us to accommodate the Chandra upper limit. SN 2005gj is less well studied at this time. Assuming the same circumstellar environment as for SN 2002i, the X-ray flux upper limits for SN 2005gj are ~4 times below the predictions, suggesting that mixing of cool ejecta into the forward shock has also occurred here. Our reanalysis of Swift and Chandra data on SN 2005ke does not confirm a previously reported X-ray detection. The host galaxies NGC 3190 (SN 2002bo) and NGC 1371 (SN 2005ke) each harbor a low luminosity (L_X ~ 3-4E40 ergs/s) active nucleus in addition to wide-spread diffuse soft X-ray emission.

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