By using a certain second order differential equation, the notion of adapted coordinates on Finsler manifolds is defined and some classifications of complete Finsler manifolds are found. Some examples of Finsler metrics, with positive constant sectional curvature, not necessarily of Randers type nor projectively flat, are found. This work generalizes some results in Riemannian geometry and open up, a vast area of research on Finsler geometry.
In this paper, we investigate the two-dimensional complex Finsler manifolds. The tools of this study are the complex Berwald frames and the Chern-Finsler connection with respect to these frames.
We show that a non-compact (forward) complete Finsler manifold whose Holmes- Thompson volume is infinite admits no non-trivial convex functions. We apply this result to some Finsler manifolds whose Busemann function is convex.
On the product of two Finsler manifolds M1 M2, we consider the twisted metric F which is construct by using Finsler metrics F1 and F2 on the manifolds M1 and M2, respectively. We introduce horizontal and vertical distributions on twisted product Finsler manifold and study Creducible and semi-C-reducible properties of this manifold. Then we obtain the Riemannian curvature and some of non-Riemannian curvatures of the twisted product Finsler manifold such as Berwald curvature, mean Berwald curvature and we find the relations between these objects and their corresponding objects on M1 and M2. Fina…
In this paper, we consider Cheeger's constant and the first eigenvalue of the nonlinear Laplacian on closed Finsler manifolds. Being based on these, we establish Cheeger's inequality and Buser's inequality for closed Finsler manifolds.
In this paper, we consider doubly warped product (DWP) Finsler manifolds with some non-Riemannian curvature properties. First, we study Berwald and isotropic mean Berwald DWP-Finsler manifolds. Then we prove that every proper Douglas DWP-Finsler manifold is Riemannian. We show that a proper DWP-manifold is Landsbergian if and only it is Berwaldian. In continue, we prove that every relatively isotropic Landsberg DWP-manifold is a Landsberg manifold. We show that a relatively isotropic mean Landsberg warped product manifold is a weakly Landsberg manifold. Finally, we show that there is no any lo…
We obtain a partial parallelism of the complex structure on Kähler Finsler manifolds. As applications, we prove Synge-Tsukamoto theorem and Bonnet-Myers theorem for positively curved Kähler Finsler manifolds. Moreover, we generalize a comparison theorem due to Ni-Zheng by introducing the notion of orthogonal Ricci curvature to Kähler Finsler geometry.
In this paper, we first establish several theorems about the estimation of distance function on real and strongly convex complex Finsler manifolds and then obtain a Schwarz lemma from a strongly convex weakly Kähler-Finsler manifold into a strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler manifold. As applications, we prove that a holomorphic mapping from a strongly convex weakly Kähler-Finsler manifold into a strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler manifold is necessary constant under an extra condition. In particular, we prove that a holomorphic mapping from a complex Minkowski space into a strongly pseud…
In the present paper, we investigate Busemann functions in a general Finsler setting as well as in asymptotically harmonic Finsler manifolds. In particular, we show Busemann functions are smooth on asymptotically harmonic Finsler manifolds.
Here, an extension of the Obata-Tanno's theorem to Finsler geometry is established and the following rigidity result is obtained; Every complete connected Finsler manifold of positive constant flag curvature is isometrically homeomorphic to an $n$-sphere equipped with a certain Finsler metric, and vise versa.
We give a new and complete proof of the following theorem, discovered by Detlef Laugwitz: (forward) complete and connected finite dimensional Finsler manifolds admitting a proper homothety are Minkowski vector spaces. More precisely, we show that under these hypotheses the Finsler manifold is isometric to the tangent Minkowski vector space of the fixed point of the homothety via the exponential map of the canonical spray of the Finsler manifold.
Studying various functionals and associated gradient ows are known problems in differential geometry. The perpose of this article is to provide a general overview of curvature functionals in Finsler geometry and use their information for introducing different gradient ows on Finsler manifolds.
In this paper, we introduce horizontal and vertical warped product Finsler manifold. We prove that every C-reducible or proper Berwaldian doubly warped product Finsler manifold is Riemannian. Then, we find the relation between Riemmanian curvatures of doubly warped product Finsler manifold and its components, and consider the cases that this manifold is flat or has scalar flag curvature. We define the doubly warped Sasaki-Matsumoto metric for warped product manifolds and find a condition under which the horizontal and vertical tangent bundles are totally geodesic. Also, we obtain some conditio…
In this paper, we mainly establish a Cheeger type finiteness theorem for Berwald manifolds. In order to do this, we study the injectivity radius and the convex radius of a Finsler manifold. A Cheeger type estimate on injectivity radii for Finsler manifolds is given and the existence of the center of mass of a Berwald manifold is proved.
We provide an extension of Obata's theorem to Finsler geometry and establish some rigidity results based on a second order differential equation. Mainly, we prove that every complete connected Finsler manifold of positive constant flag curvature is isometrically homeomorphic to an Euclidean sphere endowed with a certain Finsler metric and vice versa. Based on these results, we present a classification of Finsler manifolds which admit a transnormal function. Specifically, we show that if a complete Finsler manifold admits a transnormal function with exactly two critical points, then it is homeo…
We establish some important inequalities under a lower weighted Ricci curvature bound on Finsler manifolds. Firstly, we establish a relative volume comparison of Bishop-Gromov type. As one of the applications, we obtain an upper bound for volumes of the Finsler manifolds. Further, when the S-curvature is bounded on the whole manifold, we obtain a theorem of Bonnet-Myers type on Finsler manifolds. Finally, we obtain a sharp Poincaré-Lichnerowicz inequality by using integrated Bochner inequality, from which we obtain a sharp lower bound for the first eigenvalue on the Finsler manifolds.
We prove that, for a Finsler space, if the weighted Ricci curvature is bounded below by a positive number and the diam attains its maximal value, then it is isometric to a standard Finsler sphere. As an application, we show that the first eigenvalue of the Finsler-Laplacian attains its lower bound if and only if the Finsler manifold is isometric to a standard Finsler sphere, and moreover, we obtain an explicit 1-st eigenfunction on the sphere.
In this paper, we get an inequality in terms of holomorphic sectional curvature of complex Finsler metrics. As applications, we prove a Schwarz Lemma from a complete Riemannian manifold to a complex Finsler manifold. We also show that a strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler manifold with semi-positive but not identically zero holomorphic sectional curvature has negative Kodaira dimension under an extra condition.
An (I,J,K)-generalized Finsler structure on a 3-manifold is a generalization of a Finslerian structure, introduced in order to separate and clarify the local and global aspects in Finsler geometry making use of the Cartan's method of exterior differential systems. In this paper, we show that there is a close relation between (I,J,1)-generalized Finsler structures and a class of contact circles, namely the so-called Cartan structures. This correspondence allows us to determine the topology of 3-manifolds that admit (I, J, 1)-generalized Finsler structures and to single out classes of (I, J, 1)-…
A Finsler function $F$ is affinely rigid if its canonical spray is uniquely metrizable, in the sense that if $\bar F$ is another Finsler function whose canonical spray is $S$, then $d(F/\bar F)=0$. In this short note we explore some sufficient conditions for a Finsler function to be affinely rigid, and discuss open problems.
In this paper, we study the sharp constants of quantitative Hardy and Rellich inequalities on nonreversible Finsler manifolds equipped with arbitrary measures. In particular, these inequalities can be globally refined by adding remainder terms like the Brezis-Vázquez improvement, if Finsler manifolds are of strictly negative flag curvature, vanishing S-curvature and finite uniformity constant. Furthermore, these results remain valid when Finsler metrics are reversible.
Recently, we developed a method for the study of holonomy properties of non-Riemannian Finsler manifolds and obtained that the holonomy group can not be a compact Lie group, if the Finsler manifold of dimension $> 2$ has non-zero constant flag curvature. The purpose of this paper is to move further, exploring the holonomy properties of projectively flat Finsler manifolds of non-zero constant flag curvature. We prove in particular that projectively flat Randers and Bryant-Shen manifolds of non-zero constant flag curvature have infinite dimensional holonomy group.
Based on a self-contained, coordinate-free exposition of the necessary concepts and tools of spray and Finsler geometry (with detailed proofs), we derive new results among others on the consequences of the direction-independence of the Landsberg tensor and the stretch tensor of a Finsler manifold. We show that an at least 3-dimensional Finsler manifold with vanishing projected Berwald tensor is a Berwald manifold. To obtain consequences in two dimensions, we transcript Berwald's classical theory on 2-dimensional Finsler manifolds in our setup. We prove criteria and necessary conditions for Fin…
This paper considers fundamental issues related to Finslerian isometries, submetries, distance and geodesics. It is shown that at each point of a Finsler manifold there is a distance coordinate system. Using distance coordinates, a simple proof is given for the Finslerian version of the Myers-Steenrod theorem and for the differentiability of Finslerian submetries.
Applying concepts and tools from classical tangent bundle geometry and using the apparatus of the calculus along the tangent bundle projection ('pull-back formalism'), first we enrich the known lists of the characterizations of affine vector fields on a spray manifold and conformal vector fields on a Finsler manifold. Second, we deduce consequences on vector fields on the underlying manifold of a Finsler structure having one or two of the mentioned geometric properties.
The aim of this paper is to show that holonomy properties of Finsler manifolds can be very different from those of Riemannian manifolds. We prove that the holonomy group of a positive definite non-Riemannian Finsler manifold of non-zero constant curvature with dimension >2 cannot be a compact Lie group. Hence this holonomy group does not occur as the holonomy group of any Riemannian manifold. In addition, we provide an example of left invariant Finsler metric on the Heisenberg group, so that its holonomy group is not a (finite dimensional) Lie group. These results give a positive answer to the…
Fundamental function in Finsler manifold defines a metrices that depend on a point and a direction. At any point tangent space is a Riemannian and an indicatrix is a convex hypersurface. In this paper a mean curvature of the indicatrix is expressed in terms of fundamental function.
The geometric flow theory and its applications turned into one of the most intensively developing branches of modern geometry. Here, a brief introduction to Finslerian Ricci flow and their self-similar solutions known as Ricci solitons are given and some recent results are presented. They are a generalization of Einstein metrics and are previously developed by the present authors for Finsler manifolds. In the present work, it is shown that a complete shrinking Ricci soliton Finsler manifold has a finite fundamental group.
The main goal of this paper is to generalize some Li-Yau type gradient estimates to Finsler geometry in order to derive Harnack type inequalities. Moreover, we obtain, under some curvature assumption, a general gradient estimate for positive solutions of the heat equation when the manifold evolving along the Finsler Ricci flow.
In this paper we prove that the holonomy group of a simply connected locally projectively flat Finsler manifold of constant curvature is a finite dimensional Lie group if and only if it is flat or it is Riemannian.
In this paper, we study transnormal functions and their level sets and focal varieties on complete Finsler manifolds. We prove that the focal varieties of a C2 transnormal function are smooth submanifolds and each regular level set is a tube over either of the focal varieties.
Let (M_1,F_1) and (M_2,F_2) be a pair of Finsler manifolds. The Minkowskian product Finsler manifold (M,F) of (M_1,F_1) and (M_2,F_2) with respect to a product function f is the product manifold M=M_1\times M_2 endowed with the Finsler metric F^2=f(K,H), where K=(F_1)^2,H=(F_2)^2. In this paper, the Cartan connection and Berwald connection of (M,F) are derived in terms of the corresponding objects of (M_1,F_1) and (M_2,F_2). Necessary and sufficient conditions for (M,F) to be Berwald (resp. weakly Berwald, Landsberg, weakly Landsberg) manifold are obtained. Thus an effective method for constru…
Locally convex compact immersed hypersurfaces in Finsler-Hadamard manifolds with bounded T-curvature are considered. We prove that such hypersurfaces are embedded as the boundary of convex body under certain conditions on the normal curvatures
In this paper, we prove a global rigidity theorem for negatively curved Finsler metrics on a compact manifold of dimension n>2. We show that for such a Finsler manifold, if the flag curvature is a scalar function on the tangent bundle, then the Finsler metric is of Randers type. We also study the case when the Finsler metric is locally projectively flat.
In this paper we construct a new class of harmonic and asymptotically harmonic Finsler manifolds of $(α,β)$-type. This class is defined by a Riemannian metric $α$ and a special 1-form $β$.
For non-reversible Finsler metrics of positive flag curvature on spheres and projective spaces we present results about the number and the length of closed geodesics and about their stability properties.
The standard Bonnet-Myers theorem says that if the Ricci scalar of a Riemannian manifold is bounded below by a positive number, then the manifold is compact. Moreover, a bound of its diameter is pointed out. The theorem was extended to Finsler manifolds. In this paper we prove that if a certain condition on the average of the Ricci scalar holds, then the Finsler manifold M is compact if the Ricci scalar is bounded above by the same positive number. An upper bound of the diameter is also found. With no condition on Ricci scalar itself but with a different one on its average, we find that the Fi…
We prove Hessian comparison theorems, Laplacian comparison theorems and volume comparison theorems of Finsler manifolds under various curvature conditions. As applications, we derive Mckean type theorems for the first eigenvalue of Finsler manifolds, as well as generalize a result on fundamental group due to Milnor to Finsler manifolds.
From the point of view of index theory, we give a simple proof of a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for all Finsler manifolds by the Cartan connection. Based on this, we establish a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for any metric-compatible connection and also derive the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula of Lackey.
We solve the following problem for $n=2:$ Is any n-dimensional Finsler manifold $(M, F)$ with a function $f$ which is nonconstant and smooth on $M$ satisfying $ \dfrac{\partial g^{ij}}{\partial y^k}\dfrac{\partial f}{\partial x^i}=0, $ a Riemannian manifold? The problem for $n>2$ remains open.
It is proved that all invariant functions of a complex Finsler manifold can be totally recovered from the torsion and curvature of the connection introduced by Kobayashi for holomorphic vector bundles with complex Finsler structures. Equations of the geodesics and Jacobi fields of a generic complex Finsler manifold, expressed by means Kobayashi's connection, are also derived.
Given a Finsler manifold $(M,F)$, it is proved that the first eigenvalue of the Finslerian $p$-Laplacian is bounded above by a constant depending on $\ p$, the dimension of $M$, the Busemann-Hausdorff volume and the reversibility constant of $(M,F)$. For a Randers manifold $(M,F:=\sqrt{g}+β)$, where $g$ is a Riemannian metric on $M$ and $β$ an appropriate $1$-form on $M$, it is shown that the first eigenvalue $λ_{1,p}(M,F)$ of the Finslerian $p$-Laplacian defined by the Finsler metric $F$ is controled by the first eigenvalue $λ_{1,p}(M,g)$ of the Riemannian $p$-Laplacian defined on $(M,g)$. Fi…
Thurston, in 1986, discovered that the Schwarzian derivative has mysterious properties similar to the curvature on a manifold. After his work, there are several approaches to develop this notion on Riemannian manifolds. Here, a tensor field is identified in the study of global conformal diffeomorphisms on Finsler manifolds as a natural generalization of the Schwarzian derivative. Then, a natural definition of a Mobius mapping on Finsler manifolds is given and its properties are studied. In particular, it is shown that Mobius mappings are mappings that preserve circles and vice versa. Therefore…
In this paper we show that the topological closure of the holonomy group of a certain class of projectively flat Finsler 2-manifolds of constant curvature is maximal, that is isomorphic to the connected component of the diffeomorphism group of the circle. This class of 2-manifolds contains the standard Funk plane of constant negative curvature and the Bryant-Shen-spheres of constant positive curvature. The result provides the first examples describing completely infinite dimensional Finslerian holonomy structures.
On the slit tangent manifold of a Finsler manifold M are given the vertical and the Liouville foliations. In this paper we define some new types of vertical forms with respect to the Liouville foliation on TM^0. We define a cohomology group of TM^0 using these new forms. We prove a de Rham type theorem.
Let $F^{2n}=(M,M',F^{\ast})$ be an even-dimensional pseudo-Finsler manifold. We construct an almost hypercomplex structure on any chart domain of a certain atlas of $M'$ by using a considered non-linear connection. Then by using the almost hypercomplex structure we define two new families of Finsler connections. Also we show that for any Finsler connection $\nabla$ there exists a linear connection $D$ such that the local almost hypercomplex structure is parallel with respect to it.
In this article we present a study of the subspaces of the manifold OscM, the total space of the osculator bundle of a real manifold M. We obtain the induced connections of the canonical metrical N-linear connection determined by the homogeneous prolongation of a Finsler metric to the manifold OscM. We present the relation between the induced and intrinsic geometric objects of the associated osculator submanifold.
In this paper we derive both local and global geometric inequalities on general Riemannnian and Finsler manifolds and prove generalized Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg type and Hardy type inequalities on Finsler manifolds, illuminating curvatures of both Riemannian and Finsler manifolds influence geometric inequalities.
In Finsler geometry the complete lift vector fields have distinguished geometric significance. For example a vector field on a Finsler manifold is said to be conformal if its complete lift is conformal in usual sense. In this work we define a new Riemannian or Pseudo-Riemannian metric on TM derived from a Finsler metric on the base manifold M. This metric is in some senses more general than the other lift metrics defined previously on TM and then we study the complete lift vector fields on TM. More precisely we prove; Let (M,g) be a Finsler manifold, TM its tangent bundle and G a Riemannian me…
In this paper, we give a sharp lower bound for the first (nonzero) Neumann eigenvalue of Finsler-Laplacian in Finsler manifolds in terms of diameter, dimension, weighted Ricci curvature.
The paper is devoted to weighted $L^p$-Hardy inequalities with best constants on Finsler metric measure manifolds. There are two major ingredients. The first, which is the main part of this paper, is the Hardy inequalities concerned with distance functions in the Finsler setting. In this case, we find that besides the flag curvature, the Ricci curvature together with two non-Riemannian quantities, i.e., reversibility and S-curvature, also play an important role. And we establish the optimal Hardy inequalities not only on noncompact manifolds, but also on closed manifolds. The second ingredient…
In this paper, we study generalized symmetric Finsler spaces. We first study symmetry preserving diffeomorphisms, then we show that the group of symmetry preserving diffeomorphisms is a transitive Lie transformation group. Finally we give some existence theorems.
The geometry and analysis on Finsler manifolds is a very important part of Finsler geometry. In this article, we introduce some important and fundamental topics in global Finsler geometry and discuss the related properties and the relationships in them. In particular, we optimize and improve the various definitions of Lie derivatives on Finsler manifolds. We also characterize the gradient vector fields and obtain a gradient estimate for any smooth function on a Randers manifold.
In this paper, we prove the local gradient estimate for harmonic functions on complete, noncompact Finsler measure spaces under the condition that the weighted Ricci curvature has a lower bound. As applications, we obtain Liouville type theorem on Finsler manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature.
