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arXiv 0709.4283physics.atom-ph
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地球磁场中原子十六极的产生与探测

Production and detection of atomic hexadecapole at Earth's magnetic field

V. M. Acosta, M. Auzinsh, W. Gawlik, P. Grisins, J. M. Higbie, D. F. Jackson Kimball, L. Krzemien, M. P. Ledbetter, S. Pustelny, S. M. Rochester, V. V. Yashchuk, D. Budker

摘要:

原子态的各向异性由塞曼子能级间的布居数差异和相干性表征。它可以通过与光的共振相互作用有效地产生和探测,这种技术是现代原子钟和磁力计的核心。近年来,非线性磁光技术的发展使得碱金属原子的基态具有更高的极化矩,即十六极和六十四极。将这些技术推广到地磁场范围对实际应用具有重要意义。这是因为对应于$ΔM=4$塞曼相干性的十六极极化对非线性塞曼效应(NLZ)不敏感,其中对于电子角动量$J=1/2$和核自旋$I=3/2$具有最大可能的$ΔM$。这是特别感兴趣的,因为NLZ通常导致原子磁力计中的共振分裂和系统误差。然而,由于十六极矩的光信号作为磁场的函数急剧下降。我们报告了一种新的方法,允许选择性地创建一个宏观的长寿命的基态十六极极化。十六极信号对NLZ的免疫性用F=2的$^{87}$ Rb原子在地球场证明。

英文摘要:

Anisotropy of atomic states is characterized by population differences and coherences between Zeeman sublevels. It can be efficiently created and probed via resonant interactions with light, the technique which is at the heart of modern atomic clocks and magnetometers. Recently, nonlinear magneto-optical techniques have been developed for selective production and detection of higher polarization moments, hexadecapole and hexacontatetrapole, in the ground states of the alkali atoms. Extension of these techniques into the range of geomagnetic fields is important for practical applications. This is because hexadecapole polarization corresponding to the $ΔM=4$ Zeeman coherence, with maximum possible $ΔM$ for electronic angular momentum $J=1/2$ and nuclear spin $I=3/2$, is insensitive to the nonlinear Zeeman effect (NLZ). This is of particular interest because NLZ normally leads to resonance splitting and systematic errors in atomic magnetometers. However, optical signals due to the hexadecapole moment decline sharply as a function of magnetic field. We report a novel method that allows selective creation of a macroscopic long-lived ground-state hexadecapole polarization. The immunity of the hexadecapole signal to NLZ is demonstrated with F=2 $^{87}$Rb atoms at Earth's field.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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