geomagnetic fields和中间层原子碰撞的遥感
Remote sensing of geomagnetic fields and atomic collisions in the mesosphere
摘要：
磁场传感有助于板块构造理论的形成，有助于发现和绘制地球地下结构图，有助于研究其他行星的磁性。填补了空间和近地观测之间的空白，我们展示了一种新的方法，用于在85-100公里高度的地磁场的远程测量。该方法包括用强度调制激光束在上层中间层中对钠原子进行光泵浦，并在拉莫尔旋进频率下驱动钠原子自旋时同时对所产生的磁光共振进行地面观测。实验是在拉帕尔马（加那利群岛）的Roque de Los Muchachos天文台进行的，我们在那里验证了这项技术，并远程测量了钠的拉莫尔进动频率为260.4（1）kHz，对应于0.3720（1）G的中间层磁场。在良好的大气条件下，我们证明了0.28 mG/ $\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$的磁力测量精度水平。此外，这些观测使我们能够描述中间层中各种原子碰撞过程的特征。对中间层磁场的远程探测具有潜在的应用，例如绘制岩石圈大尺度磁结构图和研究电离层电流波动。
英文摘要：
Magnetic-field sensing has contributed to the formulation of the plate-tectonics theory, the discovery and mapping of underground structures on Earth, and the study of magnetism in other planets. Filling the gap between space-based and near-Earth observation, we demonstrate a novel method for remote measurement of the geomagnetic field at an altitude of 85-100 km. The method consists of optical pumping of atomic sodium in the upper mesosphere with an intensity-modulated laser beam, and simultaneous ground-based observation of the resultant magneto-optical resonance when driving the atomic-sodium spins at the Larmor precession frequency. The experiment was carried out at the Roque de Los Muchachos Observatory in La Palma (Canary Islands) where we validated this technique and remotely measured the Larmor precession frequency of sodium as 260.4(1) kHz, corresponding to a mesospheric magnetic field of 0.3720(1) G. We demonstrate a magnetometry accuracy level of 0.28 mG/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ in good atmospheric conditions. In addition, these observations allow us to characterize various atomic-collision processes in the mesosphere. Remote detection of mesospheric magnetic fields has potential applications such as mapping of large-scale magnetic structures in the lithosphere and the study of electric-current fluctuations in the ionosphere.
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