爱因斯坦-鲁普实验的解释及其对量子力学史的影响
The interpretation of the Einstein-Rupp experiments and their influence on the history of quantum mechanics
摘要：
爱因斯坦-鲁普实验由阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于1926年提出，旨在研究光的波与粒子性质。爱因斯坦向柏林科学院提交了对这些实验的理论分析，以及埃米尔·鲁普的结果，鲁普声称已经成功地完成了这些实验。然而，正如前一篇论文所声称的（HSPS 37 Suppl.（2007），73-121），Rupp的成功是科学欺诈的结果。本文将讨论，在探索他们的解释，实验是一个相关的部分背景等著名的贡献，量子力学玻恩的统计解释的波函数和海森堡的不确定原理。然而，爱因斯坦-鲁普实验在量子力学文献史上几乎没有受到关注。在某种程度上，这是物理学界自我审查的结果，在鲁普事件之后强制执行。然而，物理学历史学家的自我审查可能也发挥了作用。
英文摘要：
The Einstein-Rupp experiments were proposed in 1926 by Albert Einstein to study the wave versus particle nature of light. Einstein presented a theoretical analysis of these experiments to the Berlin Academy together with results of Emil Rupp, who claimed to have successfully carried them out. However, as the preceding paper has claimed (HSPS 37 Suppl. (2007), 73-121), Rupp's success was the result of scientific fraud. This paper will argue, after exploring their interpretation, that the experiments were a relevant part of the background to such celebrated contributions to quantum mechanics as Born's statistical interpretation of the wave function and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Yet, the Einstein-Rupp experiments have hardly received attention in the history of quantum mechanics literature. In part, this is a consequence of self-censorship in the physics community, enforced in the wake of the Rupp affair. Self-censorship among historians of physics may however also have played a role.
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