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从爱因斯坦定理到贝尔定理:量子非定域性的历史

From Einstein's Theorem to Bell's Theorem: A History of Quantum Nonlocality

H. M. Wiseman

摘要:

在这个爱因斯坦物理年里,看一下爱因斯坦工作的一个经常被淡化的重要方面似乎是合适的:他对解释量子力学的辩论的贡献。与流行的观点相反,玻尔对爱因斯坦1935年对正统量子力学的完整性的攻击(EPR论文)没有辩护。我认为,爱因斯坦的论证,正如在1946年最清楚地陈述的那样,可以被公正地称为爱因斯坦的实在-定域性-完备性定理,因为它证明了这三个定理中的一个必定是假的。爱因斯坦的直觉是,正统的量子力学的完整性是错误的,但他未能找到一个更完整的理论,尊重现实和局域性。爱因斯坦的定理,可能是爱因斯坦的失败,激发了约翰·贝尔在1964年证明他的实域性定理。这加强了爱因斯坦的定理(但表明他的追求是徒劳的),证明了现实或局部性是一个错误。这首次揭示了量子世界的完全非定域性。

英文摘要:

In this Einstein Year of Physics it seems appropriate to look at an important aspect of Einstein's work that is often down-played: his contribution to the debate on the interpretation of quantum mechanics. Contrary to popular opinion, Bohr had no defence against Einstein's 1935 attack (the EPR paper) on the claimed completeness of orthodox quantum mechanics. I suggest that Einstein's argument, as stated most clearly in 1946, could justly be called Einstein's reality-locality-completeness theorem, since it proves that one of these three must be false. Einstein's instinct was that completeness of orthodox quantum mechanics was the falsehood, but he failed in his quest to find a more complete theory that respected reality and locality. Einstein's theorem, and possibly Einstein's failure, inspired John Bell in 1964 to prove his reality-locality theorem. This strengthened Einstein's theorem (but showed the futility of his quest) by demonstrating that either reality or locality is a falsehood. This revealed the full nonlocality of the quantum world for the first time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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