Carl Mueller, David Nualart
We study the smoothness of the density of a semilinear heat equation with multiplicative spacetime white noise. Using Malliavin calculus, we reduce the problem to a question of negative moments of solutions of a linear heat equation with multiplicative white noise. Then we settle this question by proving that solutions to the linear equation have negative moments of all orders.
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Well-posedness and regularity of stochastic heat equations on moving domains
本文研究移动域上乘性噪声驱动的随机热方程，在非齐次变分框架下建立适定性，结合随机De Giorgi迭代与Dirichlet抛物估计得到解的Hölder正则性。
In the paper regularity of solutions to stochastic Volterra equations in a separable Hilbert space is studied. Sufficient conditions for the temporal and spatial regularity of stochastic convolutions corresponding to the equations under consideration are provided. The results obtained generalize some well-known regularity results for solutions to stochastic differential equations. The paper is a continuation of previous author's papers concerning stochastic Volterra equations.
We study the stochastic heat equation driven by an additive infinite dimensional fractional Brownian noise on the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^{2}$. The existence and uniqueness of its solution in certain Sobolev space is investigated and sample path regularity properties are established. In particular, the exact uniform modulus of continuity of the solution in time/spatial variable is derived.
We prove the existence of density for the solution to the multiplicative semilinear stochastic heat equation on an unbounded spatial domain, with drift term satisfying a half-Lipschitz type condition. The methodology is based on a careful analysis of differentiability for a map defined on weighted functional spaces.
We show that the result from Da Prato and Lunardi is valid for stochastic convolutions driven by Lévy processes.
In this paper, we study the stochastic heat equation with a general multiplicative Gaussian noise that is white in time and colored in space. Both regularity and strict positivity of the densities of the solution have been established. The difficulty, and hence the contribution, of the paper lie in three aspects, which include rough initial conditions, degenerate diffusion coefficient, and weakest possible assumptions on the correlation function of the noise. In particular, our results cover the parabolic Anderson model starting from a Dirac delta initial measure.
We prove that continuous paths of σ-additive in probability set function belong to Besov space.
We study the smoothness of the density of the solution to the nonlinear heat equation u_t=Lu(t,x)+σ(u(t,x))W on a torus with a periodic boundary condition, where L is the generator of a Levy process on the torus, and W is white noise. We use Malliavin calculus techniques to show that the law of the solution has a density with respect to the Lebesgue measure for all t >0 and x in R.
We consider a system of $d$ linear stochastic heat equations driven by an additive infinite-dimensional fractional Brownian noise on the unit circle $S^1$. We obtain sharp results on the Hölder continuity in time of the paths of the solution $u=\{u(t, x)\}_{t \in \mathbb{R}_+, x \in S^1}$. We then establish upper and lower bounds on hitting probabilities of $u$, in terms of respectively Hausdorff measure and Newtonian capacity.
In this work we present a condition for the regularity, in both space and Malliavin sense, of strong solutions to SDEs driven by Brownian motion. We conjecture that this condition is optimal. As a consequence, we are able to improve the regularity of densities of such solutions. We also apply these results to construct a classical solution to the stochastic transport equation when the drift is Lipschitz.
We establish existence, uniqueness and higher order weighted $L_p$-Sobolev regularity for the stochastic heat equation with zero Dirichlet boundary condition on angular domains and on polygonal domains in $\mathbb{R}^2$. We use a system of mixed weights consisting of appropriate powers of the distance to the vertexes and of the distance to the boundary to measure the regularity with respect to the space variable. In this way we can capture the influence of both main sources for singularities: the incompatibility between noise and boundary condition on the one hand and the singularities of the …
We study quasi-linear stochastic partial differential equations with discontinuous drift coefficients. Existence and uniqueness of a solution is already known under weaker conditions on the drift, but we are interested in the regularity of the solution in terms of Malliavin calculus. We prove that when the drift is bounded and measurable the solution is directional Malliavin differentiable.
In this work, we consider the regularity property of stochastic convolutions for a class of abstract linear stochastic retarded functional differential equations with unbounded operator coefficients. We first establish some useful estimates on fundamental solutions which are time delay versions of those on $C_0$-semigroups. To this end, we develop a scheme of constructing the resolvent operators for the integrodifferential equations of Volterra type since the equation under investigation is of this type in each subinterval describing the segment of its solution. Then we apply these estimates t…
In this project we investigate the stochastic Burgers' equation with multiplicative space-time white noise on an unbounded spatial domain. We give a random field solution to this equation by defining a process via a kind of Feynman-Kac representation which solves a stochastic partial differential equation such that its Hopf-Cole transformation solves Burgers' equation. Finally, we obtain Hölder regularity and moment estimates for the solution to Burgers' equation.
Elements of the Stochastic Calculus for a Class of Boltzmann type processes and Application to Regularity of Densities
该研究针对一类分段确定性马尔可夫过程，提出经典马利亚万微积分的非高斯对应随机微积分方法，并将其应用于探究N粒子玻尔兹曼型过程的密度正则性。
For a mixed stochastic differential driven by independent fractional Brownian motions and Wiener processes, the existence and integrability of the Malliavin derivative of its solution are established. It is also proved that the solution possesses exponential moments.
Coupling of forward-backward stochastic differential equations on the Wiener space, and application on regularity
本文将Geiss和Ylinen提出的耦合方法拓展到带随机Lipschitz系数的正倒向随机微分方程场景，得到了解的时间正则性与Malliavin Sobolev ${\u211D}_{1,2}$可微性结果。
Spatial differentiability of solutions of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) is a classical question in stochastic analysis. The case of coefficients with globally Lipschitz continuous derivatives is well understood in the literature. Counterexamples with smooth and bounded coefficients demonstrate that the non-globally Lipschitz case is more subtle. In this article we establish conditions, including a suitable local monotonicity property, which provide existence of continuously differentiable solutions of SDEs, moment estimates and strong local Hölder regularity.
In this work, we will show the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the semi linear stochastic differential equations driven by weighted fractional Brownian motion with delay. We also prove smoothness of the density of the solution with respect to Lebesgue's measure on R^d for $d \geq 1$.
We prove an $L^2$-regularity result for the solutions of Forward Backward Doubly Stochastic Differentiel Equations (FBDSDEs in short) under globally Lipschitz continuous assumptions on the coefficients. Therefore, we extend the well known regularity results established by Zhang (2004) for Forward Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDEs in short) to the doubly stochastic framework. To this end, we prove (by Malliavin calculus) a representation result for the martingale component of the solution of the F-BDSDE under the assumption that the coefficients are continuous in time and conti…
Regularity of paths of stochastic measures
研究随机测度生成的随机函数，证明其连续路径的 Besov 正则性并给出 Fourier 级数展开，且所需条件弱于既有文献。
This paper revisits the Hölder regularity of mild solutions of parabolic stochastic Cauchy problems in Lebesgue spaces $L^p(\mathcal{O}),$ with $p\geq 2$ and $\mathcal{O}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ a bounded domain. We find conditions on $p, β$ and $γ$ under which the mild solution has almost surely trajectories in $\mathcal{C}^β([0,T];\mathcal{C}^γ(\bar{\mathcal{O}})).$ These conditions do not depend on the Cameron-Martin Hilbert space associated with the driving cylindrical noise. The main tool of this study is a regularity result for stochastic convolutions in M-type 2 Banach spaces by Z. Brzeźnia…
A multiparameter Stochastic Sewing lemma and the regularity of local times associated to Gaussian sheets
该研究建立多参数随机缝合引理，推导局部非确定性高斯场局部时的正则性估计，借此得到平面SDEs的噪声正则化结果，并发现加性利用随机场参数的正则化效应多源于驱动场的边界项。
Recently, a new approach in the fine analysis of stochastic processes sample paths has been developed to predict the evolution of the local regularity under (pseudo-)differential operators. In this paper, we study the sample paths of continuous martingales and stochastic integrals. We proved that the almost sure 2-microlocal frontier of a martingale can be obtained through the local regularity of its quadratic variation. It allows to link the Hölder regularity of a stochastic integral to the regularity of the integrand and integrator processes. These results provide a methodology to predict th…
We study the second-order quasi-linear stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) defined on $C^1$ domains. The coefficients are random functions depending on $t,x$ and the unknown solutions. We prove the uniqueness and existence of solutions in appropriate Sobolev spaces, and in addition, we obtain $L_p$ and Hölder estimates of both the solution and its gradient.
We examine existence and uniqueness of strong solutions of multi-dimensional mean-field stochastic differential equations with irregular drift coefficients. Furthermore, we establish Malliavin differentiability of the solution and show regularity properties such as Sobolev differentiability in the initial data as well as Hölder continuity in time and the initial data. Using the Malliavin and Sobolev differentiability we formulate a Bismut-Elworthy-Li type formula for mean-field stochastic differential equations, i.e. a probabilistic representation of the first order derivative of an expectatio…
In this paper we prove, for small Hurst parameters, the higher order differentiability of a stochastic flow associated with a stochastic differential equation driven by an additive multi-dimensional fractional Brownian noise, where the bounded variation part is given by the local time of the unknown solution process. The proof of this result relies on Fourier analysis based variational calculus techniques and on intrinsic properties of the fractional Brownian motion.
A solution of the heat equation with a distribution-valued potential is constructed by regularization. When the potential is the generalized derivative of a Hölder continuous function, regularity of the resulting solution is in line with the standard parabolic theory.
We derive sufficient conditions for the differentiability of all orders for the flow of stochastic differential equations with jumps, and prove related $L^p$-integrability results for all orders. Our results extend similar results obtained in [Kun04] for first order differentiability and rely on the Burkholder-Davis-Gundy inequality for time inhomogeneous Poisson random measures on ${\Bbb R}_+\times {\Bbb R}$, for which we provide a new proof.
We investigate the Hölder continuity of solutions to stochastic partial differential equations of the form $\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\mathcal{L}u+σ(u)\dot{F}$, subject to a suitable initial condition. The noise term $\dot{F}$ is white in time, colored in space, and $\mathcal{L}$ is the $\mathcal{L}^{2}$-generator of a Lévy process. Under a growth assumption on the characteristic exponent of the Lévy process, we derive sufficient conditions for the solution to be locally Hölder continuous. Moreover, we show that these conditions are equivalent to those derived in related papers by Khoshnev…
Stochastic equations with low regularity drifts
本文利用 Itô-Tanaka 技巧，在低正则 Lebesgue-Hölder 空间中建立了带不规则漂移项的随机微分方程的唯一强可解性与梯度估计，并应用于随机输运方程的唯一弱、强可解性及局部 Lipschitz 估计。
We study the pathwise regularity of the map $$ ϕ\mapsto I(ϕ) = \int_0^T < ϕ(X_t), dX_t>$$ where $ϕ$ is a vector function on $\R^d$ belonging to some Banach space $V$, $X$ is a stochastic process and the integral is some version of a stochastic integral defined via regularization. A \emph{stochastic current} is a continuous version of this map, seen as a random element of the topological dual of $V$. We give sufficient conditions for the current to live in some Sobolev space of distributions and we provide elements to conjecture that those are also necessary. Next we verify the sufficient condi…
In light of recent work on particles fluctuating in linear viscoelastic fluids, we study a linear stochastic partial-integro-differential equation with memory that is driven by a stationary noise on a bounded, smooth domain. Using the framework of generalized stationary solutions introduced in~\cite{mckinley2018anomalous}, we provide sufficient conditions on the differential operator and the noise to obtain the existence as well as Hölder regularity of the stationary solutions for the concerned equation. As an application of the regularity results, we compare to analogous classical results for…
In this paper, we study the following stochastic heat equation \[ \partial_tu=\mathcal{L} u(t,x)+\dot{B},\quad u(0,x)=0,\quad 0\le t\le T,\quad x\in\mathbb{R}d, \] where $\mathcal{L}$ is the generator of a Lévy process $X$ taking value in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $B$ is a fractional-colored Gaussian noise with Hurst index $H\in\left(\frac12,\,1\right)$ for the time variable and spatial covariance function $f$ which is the Fourier transform of a tempered measure $μ.$ After establishing the existence of solution for the stochastic heat equation, we study the regularity of the solution $\{u(t,x),\, t\ge 0…
Applying probabilistic techniques we study regularity properties of quantum master equations (QMEs) in the Lindblad form with unbounded coefficients; a density operator is regular if, roughly speaking, it describes a quantum state with finite energy. Using the linear stochastic Schrödinger equation we deduce that solutions of QMEs preserve the regularity of the initial states under a general nonexplosion condition. To this end, we develop the probabilistic representation of QMEs, and we prove the uniqueness of solutions for adjoint quantum master equations. By means of the nonlinear stochastic…
Regularity of stochastic differential equations on the Wiener space by coupling
该研究采用两种耦合方法，分析不同条件下随机微分方程的正则性及相关倒向方程的$L_p$变差性质。
Time regularity of stochastic convolutions and stochastic evolution equations in duals of nuclear spaces
本文给出核空间对偶中随机卷积具备时间正则性的充分条件，并将其用于分析取值于对偶空间的随机发展方程解的时间正则性。
We initiate in this paper the study of analytic properties of the Liouville heat kernel. In particular, we establish regularity estimates on the heat kernel and derive non trivial lower and upper bounds.
In this article, we consider the stochastic Cahn--Hilliard equation driven by multiplicative space-time white noise with diffusion coefficient of sublinear growth. By introducing the spectral Galerkin method, we first obtain the well-posedness of the approximated equation in finite dimension. Then with the help of the semigroup theory and the factorization method, the approximation processes is shown to possess many desirable properties. Further, we show that the approximation process is strongly convergent in certain Banach space via the interpolation inequality and variational approach. Fina…
We investigate the space-time regularity of the local time associated to Volterra-Lévy processes, including Volterra processes driven by $α$-stable processes for $α\in(0,2]$. We show that the spatial regularity of the local time for Volterra-Lévy process is $P$-a.s. inverse proportionally to the singularity of the associated Volterra kernel. We apply our results to the investigation of path-wise regularizing effects obtained by perturba\Ption of ODEs by a Volterra-Lévy process which has sufficiently regular local time. Following along the lines of [15], we show existence, uniqueness and differ…
Well-posedness and regularity of mean-field backward doubly stochastic Volterra integral equations and applications to dynamic risk measures
本文研究平均场倒向双重随机Volterra积分方程，证明其M-解的适定性与比较定理，借助Malliavin微积分建立正则性，并应用于动态风险度量的性质分析。
The Cahn-Hilliard/Allen-Cahn equation with noise is a simplified mean field model of stochastic microscopic dynamics associated with adsorption and desorption-spin flip mechanisms in the context of surface processes. For such an equation we consider a multiplicative space-time white noise with diffusion coefficient of sub-linear growth. Using technics from semigroup theory, we prove existence, and path regularity of stochastic solution depending on that of the initial condition. Our results are also valid for the stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation with unbounded noise diffusion, for which previ…
Sharp Besov regularities in time and space variables are investigated for $\left(u(t,x),\; t\in [0,T],\; x\in \mathbb{R}\right)$, the mild solution to the stochastic heat equation driven by space-time white noise. Existence, Hölder continuity, and Besov regularity of local times are established for $u(t,x)$ viewed either as a process in the space variable or time variable. Hausdorff dimensions of their corresponding level sets are also obtained.
In this paper, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and regularity of the density of the solution to a semilinear stochastic (fractional) heat equation with measure-valued initial conditions. Under a mild cone condition for the diffusion coefficient, we establish the smooth joint density at multiple points. The tool we use is Malliavin calculus. The main ingredient is to prove that the solutions to a related stochastic partial differential equation have negative moments of all orders. Because we cannot prove $u(t,x)\in \mathbb{D}^\infty$ for measure-valued initia…
On well-posedness of stable-driven McKean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations with Besov interaction kernel of negative regularity
本文研究稳定过程驱动的 McKean–Vlasov SDE，借助 Besov 乘积法则、初始数据光滑性及核散度条件，将相互作用核正则性推进至 -1 以下并证明适定性。
Even though the heat equation with random potential is a well-studied object, the particular case of time-independent Gaussian white noise in one space dimension has yet to receive the attention it deserves. The paper investigates the stochastic heat equation with space-only Gaussian white noise on a bounded interval. The main result is that the space-time regularity of the solution is the same for additive noise and for multiplicative noise in the Wick-Itô-Skorokhod interpretation.
We consider a class of semilinear Volterra type stochastic evolution equation driven by multiplicative Gaussian noise. The memory kernel, not necessarily analytic, is such that the deterministic linear equation exhibits a parabolic character. Under appropriate Lipschitz-type and linear growth assumptions on the nonlinear terms we show that the unique mild solution is mean-$p$ Hölder continuous with values in an appropriate Sobolev space depending on the kernel and the data. In particular, we obtain pathwise space-time (Sobolev-Hölder) regularity of the solution together with a maximal type bou…
This paper studies the regularity properties of the density of the exit measure for super-Brownian motion with (1+β)-stable branching mechanism. It establishes the continuity of the density in dimension d=2 and the unboundedness of the density in all other dimensions where the density exists. An alternative description of the exit measure and its density is also given via a stochastic integral representation. Results are applied to the probabilistic representation of nonnegative solutions of the partial differential equation Δu=u^{1+β}.
We consider regularity properties of stochastic kinetic equations with multiplicative noise and drift term which belongs to a space of mixed regularity ($L^p$-regularity in the velocity-variable and Sobolev regularity in the space-variable). We prove that, in contrast with the deterministic case, the SPDE admits a unique weakly differentiable solution which preserves a certain degree of Sobolev regularity of the initial condition without developing discontinuities. To prove the result we also study the related degenerate Kolmogorov equation in Bessel-Sobolev spaces and construct a suitable sto…
In this paper, we develop low regularity theory for 3D Burgers equation perturbed by a linear multiplicative stochastic force. This method is new and essentially different from the deterministic partial differential equations(PDEs). Our results and method can be widely applied to other stochastic hydrodynamic equations and the deterministic PDEs. As a further study, we establish a random version of maximum principle for random 3D Burgers equations, which will be an important tool for the study of 3D stochastic Burgers equations. As we know establishing moment estimates for highly nonlinear sto…
Hölder regularity for backward stochastic Volterra integral equations and applications to numerical schemes
研究倒向随机Volterra积分方程（BSVIE）鞅被积函数的Hölder型正则性估计。通过用BSDE系统逼近BSVIE，利用Malliavin微积分建立鞅分量的一致正则性估计并取极限，还给出显式Euler格式及收敛速率。
In this paper we consider $L^p$-regularity estimates for solutions to stochastic evolution equations, which is called stochastic maximal $L^p$-regularity. Our aim is to find a theory which is analogously to Dore's theory for deterministic evolution equations. He has shown that maximal $L^p$-regularity is independent of the length of the time interval, implies analyticity and exponential stability of the semigroup, is stable under perturbation and many more properties. We show that the stochastic versions of these results hold.
Existence, uniqueness, and regularity of a strong solution are obtained for stochastic PDEs with a colored noise $F$ and its super-linear diffusion coefficient: $$ du=(a^{ij}u_{x^ix^j}+b^iu_{x^i}+cu)dt+ξ|u|^{1+λ}dF, \quad (t,x)\in(0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^d, $$ where $λ\geq 0$ and the coefficients depend on $(ω,t,x)$. The strategy of handling nonlinearity of the diffusion coefficient is to find a sharp estimation for a general Lipschitz case, and apply it to the super-linear case. Moreover, investigation for the estimate provides a range of $λ$, a sufficient condition for the unique solvabili…
By using Malliavin calculus and multiple Wiener-Itô integrals, we study the existence and the regularity of stochastic currents defined as Skorohod (divergence) integrals with respect to the Brownian motion and to the fractional Brownian motion. We consider also the multidimensional multiparameter case and we compare the regularity of the current as a distribution in negative Sobolev spaces with its regularity in Watanabe space.
In this work, some regularity properties of mild solutions for a class of stochastic linear functional differential equations driven by infinite dimensional Wiener processes are considered. In terms of retarded fundamental solutions, we introduce a class of stochastic convolutions which naturally arise in the solutions and investigate their Yosida approximants. By means of the retarded fundamental solutions, we find conditions under which each mild solution permits a continuous modification. With the aid of Yosida approximation, we study two kinds of regularity properties, temporal and spatial…
The regularity and characterization of solutions to degenerate, quasilinear SPDE is studied. Our results are two-fold: First, we prove regularity results for solutions to certain degenerate, quasilinear SPDE driven by Lipschitz continuous noise. In particular, this provides a characterization of solutions to such SPDE in terms of (generalized) strong solutions. Second, for the one-dimensional stochastic mean curvature flow with normal noise we adapt the notion of stochastic variational inequalities to provide a characterization of solutions previously obtained in a limiting sense only. This so…
This survey paper is a structured concise summary of four of our recent papers on the stochastic regularity of diffusions that are associated to regular strongly local (but not necessarily symmetric) Dirichlet forms. Here by stochastic regularity we mean the question whether a diffusion associated to a Dirichlet form as mentioned above can be started and identified as a solution to an explicit stochastic differential equation for explicitly given starting points. Beyond the stochastic regularity, we consider its applications to strong existence and pathwise uniqueness of singular stochastic di…
We define linear stochastic heat equations (SHE) on p.c.f.s.s. sets equipped with regular harmonic structures. We show that if the spectral dimension of the set is less than two, then function-valued "random-field" solutions to these SPDEs exist and are jointly Hölder continuous in space and time. We calculate the respective Hölder exponents, which extend the well-known results on the Hölder exponents of the solution to SHE on the unit interval. This shows that the "curse of dimensionality" of the SHE on $\mathbb{R}^n$ depends not on the geometric dimension of the ambient space but on the anal…
Let $D$ be a domain in $R^d$ and $u$ be the solution to the stochastic heat equation $$ du=Δu dt+ g\,dW_t, \quad t>0, x\in D, $$ with zero initial and boundary data. Here $W_t$ is a one-dimensional Wiener process on a probability space $Ω$. It has been proved (see below for references) that for any $p\geq 2$ the inequality $$ \|\nabla u\|_{L_p(Ω\times [0,T]\times D)} \leq c \|g\|_{L_p(Ω\times [0,T]\times D)} $$ holds if $\partial D\in C^1$. In this note we prove that if $p>4$ then this inequality fails in any polygon in $R^2$ having an angle greater than or equal to $\frac{pπ}{2(p-2)}$. We als…
This paper deals with the spatial and temporal regularity of the unique Hilbert space valued mild solution to a semilinear stochastic partial differential equation with nonlinear terms that satisfy global Lipschitz conditions. It is shown that the mild solution has the same optimal regularity properties as the stochastic convolution. The proof is elementary and makes use of existing results on the regularity of the solution, in particular, the Hölder continuity with a non-optimal exponent.
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