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arXiv 0709.1376quant-phmath-phmath.MP
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量子角动量耦合中的时间反演性质

Time-reversal properties in the coupling of quantum angular momenta

Gavriel Segre

摘要:

在对涉及时间反演的一些尚未解决的基本问题作了概括性的概述之后,我们证明了非相对论性量子力学的\emph{double time-reversal superselection rule}是多余的。然后,我们分析,其中的对称性的Clebsch-Gordan系数,可以推断通过时间反演的考虑。最后,我们展示了如何耦合理论允许提高我们的理解的事实,即,在存在隐藏的对称性,维格纳定理有关克拉默斯退化不能应用,通过分析一组Z非耦合的大质量粒子,无论是在这种情况下,他们是玻色子的自旋零,并在这种情况下,他们是费米子的自旋1/2,受到开普勒力场的作用,并考虑由隐藏的SO(4)对称性引起的2 Z量子角动量的耦合,这是由于,除了负责角动量守恒的旋转SO(3)对称性之外,Laplace-Runge-Lenz矢量也是守恒的。

英文摘要:

After a synoptic panorama about some still unsolved foundational problems involving time-reversal, we show that the \emph{double time-reversal superselection rule} of Nonrelativistic Quantum Mechanics is redundant. We then analyze which, among the symmetries of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, may be inferred through time-reversal considerations. Finally, we show how Coupling Theory allows to improve our comprehension of the fact that, in presence of hidden symmetries, Wigner's Theorem concerning Kramers degeneration cannot be applied, by analyzing a set of Z uncoupled massive particles, both in the case in which they are bosons of spin zero and in the case in which they are fermions of spin 1/2, subjected to a Keplerian force's field and considering the coupling of the 2Z quantum angular momenta resulting by the hidden SO(4) symmetry owed to the fact that, apart from the rotational SO(3) symmetry responsible of the conservation of the angular momentum, the Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector is also conserved.

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