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arXiv 0708.0261quant-ph
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量子计算导论

An Introduction to Quantum Computing

Noson S. Yanofsky

摘要:

量子计算是数学、计算机科学和物理学交叉的一个新的令人兴奋的领域。它涉及利用量子力学来提高计算效率。在这里,我们将对量子计算中的一些想法做一个简单的介绍。本文首先用简单的玩具模型来激发量子力学和量子计算的中心思想。从那里,我们将进入一个正式介绍的一小部分(有限维)量子力学,我们将需要基本的量子计算。量子体系结构的中心概念(量子比特和量子门)进行了说明。本文最后介绍了最简单的量子算法之一:Deutsch算法。我们的演示既不需要高等数学,也不需要高等物理。

英文摘要:

Quantum Computing is a new and exciting field at the intersection of mathematics, computer science and physics. It concerns a utilization of quantum mechanics to improve the efficiency of computation. Here we present a gentle introduction to some of the ideas in quantum computing. The paper begins by motivating the central ideas of quantum mechanics and quantum computation with simple toy models. From there we move on to a formal presentation of the small fraction of (finite dimensional) quantum mechanics that we will need for basic quantum computation. Central notions of quantum architecture (qubits and quantum gates) are described. The paper ends with a presentation of one of the simplest quantum algorithms: Deutsch's algorithm. Our presentation demands neither advanced mathematics nor advanced physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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