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arXiv 0707.0933astro-ph
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在NGC 4631中具有4小时调制的超铝超软源

An ultraluminous supersoft source with a 4 hour modulation in NGC 4631

S. Carpano, A. M. T. Pollock, A. R. King, J. Wilms, M. Ehle

摘要:

上下文超软X射线源(SSS)的特点是温度非常低(< 100 eV)。经典的SSS的辐射热光度在10^36-10^38 erg/s之间,是以白矮星表面稳定的氢核燃烧为模型的。然而,已经发现了几个具有更高光度的SSS。其性质尚不清楚。目标。我们报道了2002年6月用XMM-牛顿观测到的一个超亮SSS的4小时调制。进行源的时间和频谱分析。方法.我们使用Lomb-Scargle周期图分析的周期搜索和评估的置信水平,使用蒙特卡罗模拟。我们通过光谱拟合测量了源的温度、通量和光度。结果对于SSS,发现4.2 ± 0.4 h(3 sigma误差)的调制,置信水平> 99%。除了在光变曲线中观察到的下降之外,通量在约10小时内降低了3倍。光谱可用吸收黑体模型描述,kT~ 67 eV。在0.2-2 kev能量带的吸收光度为2.7 × 10^38 erg/s,而辐射热光度则高出100倍(3.2 × 10^40 erg/s),使该源成为同类光源中最明亮的光源之一(假设最佳拟合模型是正确的)。结论.这个来源是另一个非常明亮的SSS,标准的白矮星解释不能适用,除非考虑到一个强的光束因素。一个恒星质量的黑洞以超爱丁顿速率吸积是一个更可能的解释,在那里,多余的吸积物质通过一个强大的光学厚度的外流被喷射出来。4小时的调制可能是来自伴星的食,也可能是扭曲的吸积盘的结果。

英文摘要:

Context. Supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) are characterised by very low temperatures (< 100 eV). Classical SSSs have bolometric luminosities in the range of 10^36-10^38 erg/s and are modelled with steady nuclear burning of hydrogen on the surfaces of white dwarfs. However, several SSSs have been discovered with much higher luminosities. Their nature is still unclear. Aims. We report the discovery of a 4h modulation for an ultraluminous SSS in the nearby edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4631, observed with XMM-Newton in 2002 June. Temporal and spectral analysis of the source is performed. Methods. We use a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis for the period search and evaluate the confidence level using Monte-Carlo simulations. We measure the source temperature, flux and luminosity through spectral fitting. Results. A modulation of 4.2+-0.4 h (3 sigma error) was found for the SSS with a confidence level >99%. Besides dips observed in the light curve, the flux decreased by a factor of 3 within ~10h. The spectrum can be described with an absorbed blackbody model with kT~67eV. The absorbed luminosity in the 0.2-2 kev energy band was 2.7x10^38 erg/sec while the bolometric luminosity was a hundred time higher (3.2x10^40 erg/s), making the source one of the most luminous of its class, assuming the best fit model is correct. Conclusions. This source is another very luminous SSS for which the standard white dwarf interpretation cannot be applied, unless a strong beaming factor is considered. A stellar-mass black hole accreting at a super Eddington rate is a more likely interpretation, where the excess of accreted matter is ejected through a strong optically-thick outflow. The 4 h modulation could either be an eclipse from the companion star or the consequence of a warped accretion disk.

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