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arXiv 0705.3977astro-ph
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NGC 1365超亮X射线源的新耀斑

New flaring of an ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 1365

R. Soria, A. Baldi, G. Risaliti, G. Fabbiano, A. R. King, V. La Parola, A. Zezas

摘要:

我们研究了天炉座星系NGC 1365中的一个高度可变的超亮X射线源(ULX),在2002年至2006年期间进行了12次钱德拉和XMM-牛顿观测。2006年4月,该源在0.3-10 keV波段的亮度达到峰值约3 x 10^{40} erg/s(类似于ASCA在1995年发现的最大亮度),并在约3天的e折叠时间尺度上下降。X射线谱总是由一个宽的类幂律分量支配。当源的X射线亮度为~ 10^{40} erg/s时,额外的软热分量(我们解释为来自吸积盘的发射)贡献了~ 1/4的X射线通量;当亮度更高时,~ 3 x 10^{40} erg/s,热分量没有被检测到,并且必须贡献< 10%的通量。在下降的开始,电离吸收被检测到约0.5-2千电子伏;这是一个大规模外流的可能标志。幂律总是很难,光子指数Gamma ~ 1.7(有时甚至更平坦),就像明亮的ULX一样。我们推测,这个源和大多数其他明亮的ULX都处于高/硬状态:随着吸积率的增加远远超过爱丁顿极限,越来越多的能量通过非辐射通道从流入的内部区域提取,并用于为康普顿化日冕,射流或风提供动力。所观察到的热分量来自标准外盘;随着吸积率的增加,外标准盘和康普顿化内区之间的过渡半径进一步向外移动,并降低盘温度。这就产生了一个大而冷的圆盘。基于X射线光度和光谱参数,我们认为这个吸积黑洞的质量可能在50-150 Msun之间(即使不考虑可能的光束)。

英文摘要:

We have studied a highly variable ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) in the Fornax galaxy NGC 1365, with a series of 12 Chandra and XMM-Newton observations between 2002 and 2006. In 2006 April, the source peaked at a luminosity ~ 3 x 10^{40} erg/s in the 0.3-10 keV band (similar to the maximum luminosity found by ASCA in 1995), and declined on an e-folding timescale ~ 3 days. The X-ray spectrum is always dominated by a broad power-law-like component. When the source is seen at X-ray luminosities ~ 10^{40} erg/s, an additional soft thermal component (which we interpret as emission from the accretion disk) contributes ~ 1/4 of the X-ray flux; when the luminosity is higher, ~ 3 x 10^{40} erg/s, the thermal component is not detected and must contribute < 10% of the flux. At the beginning of the decline, ionized absorption is detected around 0.5-2 keV; it is a possible signature of a massive outflow. The power-law is always hard, with a photon index Gamma ~ 1.7 (and even flatter at times), as is generally the case with bright ULXs. We speculate that this source and perhaps most other bright ULXs are in a high/hard state: as the accretion rate increases well above the Eddington limit, more and more power is extracted from the inner region of the inflow through non-radiative channels, and is used to power a Comptonizing corona, jet or wind. The observed thermal component comes from the standard outer disk; the transition radius between outer standard disk and Comptonizing inner region moves further out and to lower disk temperatures as the accretion rate increases. This produces the observed appearance of a large, cool disk. Based on X-ray luminosity and spectral arguments, we suggest that this accreting black hole has a likely mass ~ 50-150 Msun (even without accounting for possible beaming).

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