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arXiv 0706.3597astro-ph
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再电离气体中大质量原始恒星的形成

Formation of Massive Primordial Stars in a Reionized Gas

Naoki Yoshida, Kazuyuki Omukai, Lars Hernquist

摘要:

我们使用宇宙学流体动力学模拟前所未有的分辨率来研究形成的原始恒星在电离气体在高红移。我们的方法包括所有相关的原子和分子物理学,以跟踪星前气体云的热演化到非常高的密度~10^{18} cm^{-3}。在我们的宇宙学模拟中,我们在一个再电离区域内定位了一个恒星形成气体云。当气体云的质量约为40 Msun时,第一次逃逸坍缩被触发。我们表明,云核保持稳定的化学热不稳定性,也对重力变形在其整个演变。因此,形成了一颗原恒星种子,它以约10^{-3} Msun/年的速度吸积周围的热气体。我们利用推导出的吸积率进行了原恒星演化的计算。当它到达零年龄主序星时,它的质量是M_ZAMS ~40 Msun。我们认为,由于获得的M_ZAMS是一样大的坍缩母云的质量,最终的恒星质量应该接近这个值。这样的大质量(而不是特别大的质量)原始恒星被认为是通过爆炸形成黑洞的超新星/超超新星来引起宇宙早期的化学富集,也可能是高红移伽马射线暴的祖先。最近发现的超贫金属恒星的元素丰度模式表明,它们可能是从星际介质中诞生的,这些星际介质是由这些大质量原始恒星的超新星富含金属的。

英文摘要:

We use cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with unprecedented resolution to study the formation of primordial stars in an ionized gas at high redshifts. Our approach includes all the relevant atomic and molecular physics to follow the thermal evolution of a prestellar gas cloud to very high densities of ~10^{18} cm^{-3}. We locate a star-forming gas cloud within a reionized region in our cosmological simulation. The first run-away collapse is triggered when the gas cloud's mass is ~40 Msun. We show that the cloud core remains stable against chemo-thermal instability and also against gravitational deformation throughout its evolution. Consequently, a single proto-stellar seed is formed, which accretes the surrounding hot gas at the rate ~10^{-3} Msun/year. We carry out proto-stellar evolution calculations using the inferred accretion rate. The resulting mass of the star when it reaches the zero-age main sequence is M_ZAMS ~40 Msun. We argue that, since the obtained M_ZAMS is as large as the mass of the collapsing parent cloud, the final stellar mass should be close to this value. Such massive, rather than exceptionally massive, primordial stars are expected to cause early chemical enrichment of the Universe by exploding as black hole-forming super/hypernovae, and may also be progenitors of high redshift gamma-ray bursts. The elemental abundance patterns of recently discovered hyper metal-poor stars suggest that they might have been born from the interstellar medium that was metal-enriched by supernovae of these massive primordial stars.

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