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arXiv 0705.3444astro-ph
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双星系统中的类地行星形成

Terrestrial Planet Formation in Binary Star Systems

Elisa V. Quintana, Jack J. Lissauer

摘要:

双星系统是恒星形成过程中最常见的结果,而双星伴星可以破坏类地行星的形成及其长期稳定性。我们提出的结果,从一个大型的数值模拟的最后阶段的陆地行星形成-从月球到火星大小的行星胚胎行星-在主序星双星系统。我们研究了双星系统中两颗恒星(“P型”环双星轨道)或单个恒星(“S型”轨道)周围的行星吸积,包括半人马座阿尔法AB中每颗恒星周围的陆地行星形成,这是距离太阳最近的双星系统。为了比较,我们也模拟行星生长从相同的初始磁盘放置在太阳-木星-土星系统,也围绕太阳既没有巨大的行星,也没有恒星的同伴扰动系统。我们的模拟显示,巨大的和恒星的同伴不仅截断磁盘,但加速吸积过程中搅拌了行星胚胎更高的偏心率和倾角。类似于我们太阳系的类地行星在模拟中形成于单个恒星周围,双星近星点(最近的方法)大于约5 AU。类地行星在环双星盘内的生长在双星系统的内部双星系统周围是不受抑制的,双星系统的最大距离小于~0.2 AU。从我们的模拟结果可以缩放不同的恒星和磁盘参数。大约50 - 60%的双星系统--从接触双星到近1秒差距的双星--满足这些限制。鉴于银河系包含超过1000亿个恒星系统,根据这项研究的动态考虑,大量系统仍然适合居住。

英文摘要:

A binary star system is the most common result of the star formation process, and binary companions can disrupt both the formation of terrestrial planets and their long term prospects for stability. We present results from a large set of numerical simulations of the final stages of terrestrial planet formation - from Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos to planets - in main-sequence binary star systems. We examine planetary accretion around both stars ('P-type' circumbinary orbits) or individual stars ('S-type' orbits) in binary systems, including terrestrial planet formation around each star in Alpha Centauri AB, the closest binary star system to the Sun. For comparison, we also simulate planetary growth from the same initial disk placed in the Sun-Jupiter-Saturn system and also around the Sun with neither giant planets nor a stellar companion perturbing the system. Our simulations show that giant and stellar companions not only truncate the disk, but hasten the accretion process by stirring up the planetary embryos to higher eccentricities and inclinations. Terrestrial planets similar to those in our Solar System formed around individual stars in simulations with the binary periastron (closest approach) greater than about 5 AU. Terrestrial planet growth within circumbinary disks was uninhibited around inner binary star systems with binary apastrons (maximum separation) less than ~0.2 AU. Results from our simulations can be scaled for different stellar and disk parameters. Approximately 50 - 60% of binary star systems - from contact binaries to separations of nearly a parsec - satisfy these constraints. Given that the galaxy contains more than 100 billion star systems, a large number of systems remain habitable based on the dynamic considerations of this research.

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