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arXiv 0705.3274astro-ph
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Cosmic-Ray修正准平行平面激波的自相似演化

Self-Similar Evolution of Cosmic-Ray-Modified Quasi-Parallel Plane Shocks

Hyesung Kang, T. W. Jones

摘要:

利用改进的CRASH(Cosmic Ray Acceleration SHock)程序,我们计算了宇宙射线(CR)修正的类玻姆扩散准平行平面激波的时间演化,包括阿尔芬波漂移和耗散的自洽模型,以及CR的热漏注入。新的模拟遵循CR分布演化到比我们以前的研究更高的能量,提供了更好的进化和渐近行为的检查。由于用动量相似变量表示的CR分压的演化是自相似的,所以在快速初始调整后,冲击后CR压力变得恒定。冲击前兆,其规模作为最高能量CR的扩散长度,随后随着时间近似线性地加宽,与扩散模型无关,只要CR继续被加速到更高的能量。这意味着非线性激波结构可以用相似变量x/(u_s t)来近似描述,其中u_s是激波后压力达到近似时间渐近状态时的激波速度。与以前一样,激波马赫数是决定发展和CR加速效率的关键参数,尽管激波前兆中有限的阿尔芬波漂移和波能量耗散减小了CR经历的有效速度变化,从而显著地降低了加速效率,因此,在低和中等马赫数下提供了第二个重要参数。

英文摘要:

Using an improved version of the previously introduced CRASH (Cosmic Ray Acceleration SHock) code, we have calculated the time evolution of cosmic-ray (CR) modified quasi-parallel plane shocks for Bohm-like diffusion, including self-consistent models of Alfven wave drift and dissipation, along with thermal leakage injection of CRs. The new simulations follow evolution of the CR distribution to much higher energies than our previous study, providing a better examination of evolutionary and asymptotic behaviors. The postshock CR pressure becomes constant after quick initial adjustment, since the evolution of the CR partial pressure expressed in terms of a momentum similarity variable is self-similar. The shock precursor, which scales as the diffusion length of the highest energy CRs, subsequently broadens approximately linearly with time, independent of diffusion model, so long as CRs continue to be accelerated to ever-higher energies. This means the nonlinear shock structure can be described approximately in terms of the similarity variable, x/(u_s t), where u_s is the shock speed once the postshock pressure reaches an approximate time asymptotic state. As before, the shock Mach number is the key parameter determining the evolution and the CR acceleration efficiency, although finite Alfven wave drift and wave energy dissipation in the shock precursor reduce the effective velocity change experienced by CRs, so reduce acceleration efficiency noticeably, thus, providing a second important parameter at low and moderate Mach numbers.

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