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arXiv 0812.2515astro-ph
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天鹅座环路中的激波速度、Cosmic Ray压力和气体温度

Shock Speed, Cosmic Ray Pressure, and Gas Temperature in the Cygnus Loop

Greg Salvesen, John C. Raymond, Richard J. Edgar

摘要:

超新星遗迹中激波速度的上限可以与激波后的温度相结合,得到激波后宇宙线与气体压力之比(P_CR / P_G)的上限。我们从自行和距离估计约束冲击速度,我们从X射线光谱得到温度。在帕洛玛天文台巡天(POSS)的两个时期中,激波被观测到为围绕天鹅座圈超新星遗迹伸展的微弱H-α细丝,相隔39.1年。我们测量了18个非辐射细丝的自行,并根据Blair等人给出的天鹅座圈距离为576 +/- 61 pc的限制推导出了激波速度极限。PSPC仪器上ROSAT观测到的X射线辐射的冲击后气体沿周边的天鹅座圈,我们测量冲击后的电子温度从光谱拟合。在POSS时期,自行范围从2.7角秒到5.4角秒,冲击后温度范围从kT ~ 100-200 eV。我们的分析表明,宇宙射线冲击后的气体压力与零一致,在某些位置P_CR形式上小于零。我们的结论是,天鹅座圈的距离是接近上限的距离,背景恒星和电子温度低于从ROSAT PSPC X射线光谱拟合测量或额外的热输入的电子,可能是由于热传导,需要。

英文摘要:

Upper limits on the shock speeds in supernova remnants can be combined with post-shock temperatures to obtain upper limits on the ratio of cosmic ray to gas pressure (P_CR / P_G) behind the shocks. We constrain shock speeds from proper motions and distance estimates, and we derive temperatures from X-ray spectra. The shock waves are observed as faint H-alpha filaments stretching around the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant in two epochs of the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS) separated by 39.1 years. We measured proper motions of 18 non-radiative filaments and derived shock velocity limits based on a limit to the Cygnus Loop distance of 576 +/- 61 pc given by Blair et al. for a background star. The PSPC instrument on-board ROSAT observed the X-ray emission of the post-shock gas along the perimeter of the Cygnus Loop, and we measure post-shock electron temperature from spectral fits. Proper motions range from 2.7 arcseconds to 5.4 arcseconds over the POSS epochs and post-shock temperatures range from kT ~ 100-200 eV. Our analysis suggests a cosmic ray to post-shock gas pressure consistent with zero, and in some positions P_CR is formally smaller than zero. We conclude that the distance to the Cygnus Loop is close to the upper limit given by the distance to the background star and that either the electron temperatures are lower than those measured from ROSAT PSPC X-ray spectral fits or an additional heat input for the electrons, possibly due to thermal conduction, is required.

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