高晶格轨道中超冷原子的态制备和动力学
State preparation and dynamics of ultracold atoms in higher lattice orbitals
摘要：
我们报道了通过选择性地控制三维光晶格的能带布居，实现了一个在激发带中含有超冷原子的多轨道系统。发现激发带中原子的寿命比位间隧穿的特征时间尺度长得多（10-100倍），从而为超冷原子的轨道选择性多体物理开辟了道路。当原子从初始的最低能带Mott绝缘态激发到更高的能带时，我们观察到了与玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚到非零动量态相容的一维（和二维）相干的动力学出现.
英文摘要：
We report on the realization of a multi-orbital system with ultracold atoms in the excited bands of a 3D optical lattice by selectively controlling the band population along a given lattice direction. The lifetime of the atoms in the excited band is found to be considerably longer (10-100 times) than the characteristic time scale for inter-site tunneling, thus opening the path for orbital selective many-body physics with ultracold atoms. Upon exciting the atoms from an initial lowest band Mott insulating state to higher lying bands, we observe the dynamical emergence of coherence in 1D (and 2D), compatible with Bose-Einstein condensation to a non-zero momentum state.
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