p轨道原子莫特绝缘体的制备和弛豫理论
Theory of preparation and relaxation of a p-orbital atomic Mott insulator
摘要：
我们发展了一个理论框架来理解一维光晶格第一激发带内亚稳态莫特绝缘体态的制备和弛豫。通过受激拉曼跃迁将原子从基态“提升”到第一激发带，从而加载状态。我们确定的脉冲持续时间的影响的状态准备的高斯脉冲形状的情况下的准确性。准备状态的松弛发生在两个主要阶段：由于量子涨落而发生的双占据位点最初导致带间跃迁，然后是陷阱中粒子的扩散和热化。我们发现在最早的阶段和渐近长时间接近平衡的特征弛豫时间。我们的理论适用于最近的一维光晶格实验[T. Müller，S. Fölling，A. Widera和我。布洛赫，物理学。Rev. Lett。\textbf{99}，200405（2007）]。
英文摘要：
We develop a theoretical framework to understand the preparation and relaxation of a metastable Mott insulator state within the first excited band of a 1D optical lattice. The state is loaded by "lifting" atoms from the ground to the first excited band by means of a stimulated Raman transition. We determine the effect of pulse duration on the accuracy of the state preparation for the case of a Gaussian pulse shape. Relaxation of the prepared state occurs in two major stages: double-occupied sites occurring due to quantum fluctuations initially lead to interband transitions followed by a spreading of particles in the trap and thermalization. We find the characteristic relaxation times at the earliest stage and at asymptotically long times approaching equilibrium. Our theory is applicable to recent experiments performed with 1D optical lattices [T. Müller, S. Fölling, A. Widera, and I. Bloch, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{99}, 200405 (2007)].
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