arXiv 0704.16232007-04cond-mat.mes-hall

纳米器件和麦克斯韦恶魔

Nanodevices and Maxwell's Demon

Supriyo Datta

备注：: 18 pages, 11 Figures. This is the recently published version with minor corrections
发表信息：: Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology, Vol. 2, Nanoscale Phenomena: Basic Science to Device Applications,Eds. Z.K. Tang and P.Sheng, Springer (2008)

摘要：

在过去的二十年里，我们对远离平衡态的量子输运的理解有了重大进展，通过Landauer方法与非平衡格林函数（NEGF）方法的结合，出现了一个概念框架，该方法现在被广泛用于纳米器件的分析和设计。它为从分子导体到碳纳米管到硅晶体管的各种器件提供了统一的描述，涵盖了从弹道到扩散极限的不同传输机制。在这个演讲中，我使用这个模型的一个简单版本来分析一个特殊设计的设备，可以被称为电子麦克斯韦恶魔，一个让电子优先在一个方向上超过另一个方向。我的目标是说明接触和恶魔在运输和能量转换中的基本作用。讨论保持在学术层面，避开了现实世界的细节，但我们使用的说明性设备在当今技术的能力范围内。例如，最近在分子导体中的热电效应的实验与我们模型的预测吻合得很好。麦克斯韦的恶魔设备本身是非常相似的五层自旋扭矩设备已被研究的一些团体，虽然我们不知道任何讨论的可能性，使用该设备作为一个纳米级的热机或作为一个冰箱提出这里。然而，我的目的不是评估可能的实际应用。相反，它是介绍一个简单的透明模型，显示如何在适当的纳米器件中引入不等价的恶魔，可以实现能量转换。

英文摘要：

In the last twenty years there has been significant progress in our understanding of quantum transport far from equilibrium and a conceptual framework has emerged through a combination of the Landauer approach with the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) method, which is now being widely used in the analysis and design of nanoscale devices. It provides a unified description for all kinds of devices from molecular conductors to carbon nanotubes to silicon transistors covering different transport regimes from the ballistic to the diffusive limit. In this talk I use a simple version of this model to analyze a specially designed device that could be called an electronic Maxwell's demon, one that lets electrons go preferentially in one direction over another. My objective is to illustrate the fundamental role of contacts and demons in transport and energy conversion. The discussion is kept at an academic level steering clear of real world details, but the illustrative devices we use are very much within the capabilities of present-day technology. For example, recent experiments on thermoelectric effects in molecular conductors agree well with the predictions from our model. The Maxwell's demon device itself is very similar to the pentalayer spin-torque device which has been studied by a number of groups though we are not aware of any discussion of the possibility of using the device as a nanoscale heat engine or as a refrigerator as proposed here. However, my objective is not to evaluate possible practical applications. Rather it is to introduce a simple transparent model showing how out-of-equibrium demons suitably incorporated into nanodevices can achieve energy conversion.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

摘要：

英文摘要：

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