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arXiv 0704.0586astro-ph
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超新星喷出物中尘埃的形成和存活

Dust Formation and Survival in Supernova Ejecta

S. Bianchi, R. Schneider

摘要:

根据目前的理论模型,在高红移的尘埃的存在需要有效的凝聚在SN喷出物的颗粒。然而,对少数研究充分的SNe和SN残留物的观测意味着凝结效率大约小两个数量级。在这种紧张关系的推动下,我们(i)重新审视了Todini和Ferrara(2001)关于超新星核心坍缩喷出物中尘埃形成的模型,(ii)首次跟踪了超新星遗迹中新凝聚颗粒从形成到存活(通过反向冲击波)的演化过程。我们发现,在12 - 40 M_sun的恒星祖先的喷出物中形成0.1 - 0.6 M_sun的尘埃。根据周围ISM的密度,在距离恒星爆炸约4-8 x 10^4年的时间尺度上,有2-20%的初始尘埃质量在反向激波通过后幸存下来。由热气体的溅射引起粉尘尺寸分布向更小的颗粒的转变。由此产生的尘埃消光曲线显示出很好的协议,来自一个红化类星体在z =6.2的观测。小颗粒的随机加热导致尘埃温度的广泛分布。这支持了大量(~ 0.1Msun)冷尘埃(T ~ 40 K)可以存在于SN遗迹中的想法,而不会与观测到的红外辐射相冲突。

英文摘要:

The presence of dust at high redshift requires efficient condensation of grains in SN ejecta, in accordance with current theoretical models. Yet, observations of the few well studied SNe and SN remnants imply condensation efficiencies which are about two orders of magnitude smaller. Motivated by this tension, we have (i) revisited the model of Todini & Ferrara (2001) for dust formation in the ejecta of core collapse SNe and (ii) followed, for the first time, the evolution of newly condensed grains from the time of formation to their survival - through the passage of the reverse shock - in the SN remnant. We find that 0.1 - 0.6 M_sun of dust form in the ejecta of 12 - 40 M_sun stellar progenitors. Depending on the density of the surrounding ISM, between 2-20% of the initial dust mass survives the passage of the reverse shock, on time-scales of about 4-8 x 10^4 yr from the stellar explosion. Sputtering by the hot gas induces a shift of the dust size distribution towards smaller grains. The resulting dust extinction curve shows a good agreement with that derived by observations of a reddened QSO at z =6.2. Stochastic heating of small grains leads to a wide distribution of dust temperatures. This supports the idea that large amounts (~ 0.1 M_sun) of cold dust (T ~ 40K) can be present in SN remnants, without being in conflict with the observed IR emission.

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