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arXiv quant-ph/9908043quant-ph
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计算的物理极限

Ultimate physical limits to computation

Seth Lloyd

摘要:

计算机是物理系统:它们能做什么和不能做什么是由物理定律决定的。具体而言,物理设备可以处理信息的速度受到其能量的限制,并且其可以处理的信息量受到其拥有的自由度的数量的限制。本文探讨了由光速$c$、量子尺度$\hbar$和引力常量$G$决定的计算的物理极限。作为一个例子,定量界限被置于一个“终极笔记本电脑”的计算能力,一公斤的质量被限制在一升的体积。

英文摘要:

Computers are physical systems: what they can and cannot do is dictated by the laws of physics. In particular, the speed with which a physical device can process information is limited by its energy and the amount of information that it can process is limited by the number of degrees of freedom it possesses. This paper explores the physical limits of computation as determined by the speed of light $c$, the quantum scale $\hbar$ and the gravitational constant $G$. As an example, quantitative bounds are put to the computational power of an `ultimate laptop' with a mass of one kilogram confined to a volume of one liter.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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