量子态扩散、测量和二次量子化
Quantum state diffusion, measurement and second quantization
摘要：
基于量子态扩散的测量的现实动力学理论是非幺正的，而量子场论及其推广是幺正的。这个问题在量子态扩散（QSD）的量子场论中已经出现在QSD的拉格朗日公式中作为经典的运动方程，其中刘维尔定理不适用于通常的场论公式。这个问题在这里通过将用于表示量子场的自由度数量加倍来解决。量子场的空间则是一个经典的位形空间，其体积不需要守恒，而不是通常的相空间，刘维尔定理适用于相空间。量子化场的产生算符满足QSD方程，而湮灭算符不满足共轭方程。它只是以正式的角色出现。
英文摘要：
Realistic dynamical theories of measurement based on the diffusion of quantum states are nonunitary, whereas quantum field theory and its generalizations are unitary. This problem in the quantum field theory of quantum state diffusion (QSD) appears already in the Lagrangian formulation of QSD as a classical equation of motion, where Liouville's theorem does not apply to the usual field theory formulation. This problem is resolved here by doubling the number of freedoms used to represent a quantum field. The space of quantum fields is then a classical configuration space, for which volume need not be conserved, instead of the usual phase space, to which Liouville's theorem applies. The creation operator for the quantized field satisfies the QSD equations, but the annihilation operator does not satisfy the conjugate eqation. It appears only in a formal role.
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