物质波光学中量子相位的测试
Testing of quantum phase in matter wave optics
摘要：
各种相位概念可被视为极大似然估计的特殊情况。例如，对于具有相位调制均值的连续高斯信号，得到了实际上与Noh，Fouge`res和Mandel的操作相位一致的离散傅里叶估计，由于量子理论中的信号是离散的，所以，假设信号具有离散泊松统计量，则应得到不同于高斯假设的预测作为最佳拟合。虽然高斯估计对于拟合几乎任何状态的相位分布给出了令人满意的近似，但在某些情况下，最优相位估计提供了可测量的更好的性能。这一点已在中子光学实验中得到证实。
英文摘要：
Various phase concepts may be treated as special cases of the maximum likelihood estimation. For example the discrete Fourier estimation that actually coincides with the operational phase of Noh, Fouge`res and Mandel is obtained for continuous Gaussian signals with phase modulated mean.Since signals in quantum theory are discrete, a prediction different from that given by the Gaussian hypothesis should be obtained as the best fit assuming a discrete Poissonian statistics of the signal. Although the Gaussian estimation gives a satisfactory approximation for fitting the phase distribution of almost any state the optimal phase estimation offers in certain cases a measurable better performance. This has been demonstrated in neutron--optical experiment.
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