超辐射中宏观不同态之间的长寿命量子相干性
Long-lived Quantum Coherence between Macroscopically Distinct States in Superradiance
摘要：
耗散环境的退相影响将宏观上不同的量子态（有时也称为薛定谔猫态）的线性叠加几乎立即减少到统计混合。这个过程称为退相干。以某种对称性耦合到环境可以导致缓慢的退相干。在这封信中，我们表明，大量的二能级原子的集体耦合到一个电磁场模式在一个腔，导致超辐射现象具有这样的对称性，至少近似。我们构造了仅在经典时间尺度上的宏观上不同的量子态的叠加，并提出了一个实验，其中非常缓慢的退相干应该是可观察的。
英文摘要：
The dephasing influence of a dissipative environment reduces linear superpositions of macroscopically distinct quantum states (sometimes also called Schrödinger cat states) usually almost immediately to a statistical mixture. This process is called decoherence. Couplings to the environment with a certain symmetry can lead to slow decoherence. In this Letter we show that the collective coupling of a large number of two-level atoms to an electromagnetic field mode in a cavity that leads to the phenomena of superradiance has such a symmetry, at least approximately. We construct superpositions of macroscopically distinct quantum states decohering only on a classical time scale and propose an experiment in which the extraordinarily slow decoherence should be observable.
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