AI 中文总结
本研究在环境条件下实现固态超辐射脉泽，在金刚石氮-空位中心自旋与微波腔光子间建立长寿命宏观量子相干性，为多体关联量子光探索提供固态平台。
AI 中文摘要
宏观量子相干性（如激光、玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚、超流体和超导体中的相干性）对基础物理学至关重要，且对量子技术具有实用价值。超辐射提供了一种在大量粒子与光子间产生相干性的机制，但其实现此前仅限于气态系统、极低温固体或短脉冲场景。本文展示了一种环境条件下的固态超辐射脉泽，该脉泽在金刚石中约$10^{14}$个氮-空位中心自旋与微波腔中约$10^9$个光子间建立了长寿命相干性。通过改变系统参数以达到阈值以上、远高于阈值及深高于阈值区域，我们观测到连续波脉泽振荡、周期性振幅调制及一系列超辐射脉冲，这些现象分别归因于固定频率同步的宏观自旋相干性、大自旋的相干时间晶体及非同步超辐射瞬态。本研究表明宏观量子相干性可在环境条件下的固体中自发产生并维持，为探索具有多体关联的明亮量子光提供了固态平台。
英文摘要
Macroscopic quantum coherence, such as in laser, Bose-Einstein condensates, superfluids, and superconductors, is important to fundamental physics and useful for quantum technologies. Superradiance provides a mechanism to produce coherence among a large number of particles and photons. Its implementation, however, has been limited to gaseous systems, solids at very low temperature, or short pulses. Here we demonstrate a solid-state superradiant maser under ambient conditions, which establishes long-lived coherence among about $10^{14}$ nitrogen-vacancy center spins in diamond and about $10^9$ photons in a microwave cavity. By varying the system parameters to access the above-threshold, well-above-threshold, and deep-above-threshold regimes, we observed continuous-wave masing, periodic amplitude modulation, and sequences of superradiant bursts, which are attributed, correspondingly, to macroscopic spin coherence synchronized at a fixed frequency, a coherent time crystal of large spins, and unsynchronized superradiant transients. This work demonstrates that macroscopic quantum coherence can be spontaneously generated and maintained in solids under ambient conditions and provides a solid-state platform for exploring bright quantum lights with many-body correlations.
Comments29 pages,14 figures
