量子力学中的规范变换与非线性薛定谔方程的统一
Gauge Transformations in Quantum Mechanics and the Unification of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations
摘要：
从无自旋粒子的普通量子力学出发，假设所有的实验测量都是由不同时刻的位置测量组成，通过非线性规范变换，我们直接刻画了一类物理上等价于线性量子力学的非线性量子理论.我们表明，在两个物理动机的假设下，这些变换是唯一确定的：他们正是组的时间相关的，非线性规范变换之前介绍了一个家庭的非线性薛定谔方程。这个方程族中的一般方程，包括Kostin、Bialynicki-Birula和Mycielski以及Doebner和Goldin考虑的项，具有依赖于时间的系数，可以通过规范变换和我们称之为规范推广的后续过程从线性薛定谔方程得到。因此，我们统一，在基本的理由，一个相当多样化的一套非线性时间演化的量子力学。
英文摘要：
Beginning with ordinary quantum mechanics for spinless particles, together with the hypothesis that all experimental measurements consist of positional measurements at different times, we characterize directly a class of nonlinear quantum theories physically equivalent to linear quantum mechanics through nonlinear gauge transformations. We show that under two physically-motivated assumptions, these transformations are uniquely determined: they are exactly the group of time-dependent, nonlinear gauge transformations introduced previously for a family of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The general equation in this family, including terms considered by Kostin, by Bialynicki-Birula and Mycielski, and by Doebner and Goldin, with time-dependent coefficients, can be obtained from the linear Schrödinger equation through gauge transformation and a subsequent process we call gauge generalization. We thus unify, on fundamental grounds, a rather diverse set of nonlinear time-evolutions in quantum mechanics.
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