分钟级自旋5/2原子的薛定谔猫态
Minutes-scale Schr{ö}dinger-cat state of spin-5/2 atoms
AI总结：
本研究展示了光阱中自旋5/2镱原子的长寿命薛定谔猫态，相干时间达1400秒，并利用拉姆齐干涉法实现海森堡极限计量，为量子精密测量提供新方案。
摘要：
利用非经典态的量子计量学为物理测量精度的提升提供了一条有前景的途径。薛定谔猫叠加或纠缠的量子效应可使测量不确定度低于标准量子极限。然而，保持此类非经典态的长相干时间的挑战往往阻碍了量子优势在计量学中的充分利用。在此，我们展示了一种光阱中$^{173}$Yb（\textit{I}\n=\n5/2）原子的长寿命薛定谔猫态。该猫态是两个方向相反且相距最远的自旋态的叠加，通过非线性自旋旋转产生。由于受到无消相干子空间的保护，免受光晶格不均匀光移的影响，该猫态实现了$1.4(1)\ imes 10^3$秒的相干时间。利用拉姆齐干涉法测量磁场，展示了海森堡极限计量学方案，适用于原子磁力测定、量子信息处理以及寻找标准模型之外的新物理。
英文摘要：
Quantum metrology with nonclassical states offers a promising route to improved precision in physical measurements. The quantum effects of Schr{ö}dinger-cat superpositions or entanglements allow measurement uncertainties to reach below the standard quantum limit. However, the challenge in keeping a long coherence time for such nonclassical states often prevents full exploitation of the quantum advantage in metrology. Here we demonstrate a long-lived Schr{ö}dinger-cat state of optically trapped $^{173}$Yb (\textit{I}\ =\ 5/2) atoms. The cat state, a superposition of two oppositely-directed and furthest-apart spin states, is generated by a non-linear spin rotation. Protected in a decoherence-free subspace against inhomogeneous light shifts of an optical lattice, the cat state achieves a coherence time of $1.4(1)\times 10^3$ s. A magnetic field is measured with Ramsey interferometry, demonstrating a scheme of Heisenberg-limited metrology for atomic magnetometry, quantum information processing, and searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model.
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