量子态扩散、局域化与计算
Quantum state diffusion, localization and computation
摘要：
单个开放量子系统的数值模拟已被证明优于密度算符计算。移动基量子态扩散（MQSD）提供了一种实用的数值模拟方法，它充分利用了量子态局域化到占据经典相空间小区域的波包中的特性。在Percival，Alber和Steimle的原始建议之后，我们证明了MQSD可以在计算空间和时间中提供比普通QSD和其他量子轨道方法多个数量级的进一步增益。由于这些增益，当对应的孤立系是难处理的时，甚至有可能计算开放量子系统的轨迹。MQSD是特别有利的经典或半经典动力学提供了一个足够的定性图片，但由于显着的量子效应数值不准确。通过对量子Duffing振子和量子光学中二次谐波产生的计算，说明了这些原理。在原子和分子动力学，量子线路和量子计算的潜在应用建议。
英文摘要：
Numerical simulation of individual open quantum systems has proven advantages over density operator computations. Quantum state diffusion with a moving basis (MQSD) provides a practical numerical simulation method which takes full advantage of the localization of quantum states into wave packets occupying small regions of classical phase space. Following and extending the original proposal of Percival, Alber and Steimle, we show that MQSD can provide a further gain over ordinary QSD and other quantum trajectory methods of many orders of magnitude in computational space and time. Because of these gains, it is even possible to calculate an open quantum system trajectory when the corresponding isolated system is intractable. MQSD is particularly advantageous where classical or semiclassical dynamics provides an adequate qualitative picture but is numerically inaccurate because of significant quantum effects. The principles are illustrated by computations for the quantum Duffing oscillator and for second harmonic generation in quantum optics. Potential applications in atomic and molecular dynamics, quantum circuits and quantum computation are suggested.
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