量子非破坏系统中的相扩散模式
Phase diffusion pattern in quantum nondemolition systems
摘要：
我们定量地分析了与系统的约化密度矩阵相关的量子相位分布的动力学，因为系统在其环境的影响下演化，具有能量保持的量子非破坏（QND）类型的耦合。我们把系统看作是一个谐振子（谐振子或非谐振子）或一个二能级原子（或等价地，一个自旋为1/2的系统），并把环境建模为一个谐振子的浴缸，最初处于一般的压缩热态。不同的环境参数的影响是明确的系统开始在不同的初始状态。结果适用于各种物理系统，现在实验研究QND测量。
英文摘要：
We quantitatively analyze the dynamics of the quantum phase distribution associated with the reduced density matrix of a system, as the system evolves under the influence of its environment with an energy-preserving quantum nondemolition (QND) type of coupling. We take the system to be either an oscillator (harmonic or anharmonic) or a two-level atom (or equivalently, a spin-1/2 system), and model the environment as a bath of harmonic oscillators, initially in a general squeezed thermal state. The impact of the different environmental parameters is explicitly brought out as the system starts out in various initial states. The results are applicable to a variety of physical systems now studied experimentally with QND measurements.
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