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arXiv quant-ph/0702027quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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耦合量子热化

Quantum Thermalization With Couplings

H. Dong, S. Yang, X. F. Liu, C. P. Sun

摘要:

我们研究了系统-浴耦合对广义正则热化的作用[S。Popescu等人,Nature Physics 2,754(2006)和S. Goldstein等人,物理修订信函96,050403(2006)],它将几乎所有的“宇宙”[由系统S加上其周围的热浴$B$形成]的纯态还原为S的正则平衡态。我们提出了一个精确可解的,但普遍的模型,这种运动热化与明确考虑的能量壳变形,由于S和B之间的相互作用。通过计算“宇宙”及其子系统S和B在各种变形能量壳层中的态数,发现对于绝大多数“宇宙”态(它们至少是纠缠的),对角正则典型性对于S和B之间的有限相互作用仍然是鲁棒的。特别地,这里利用运动学退相干来解释S的约化密度矩阵的非对角元素的消失。指出由于浴槽的有限性和较强的系统-浴槽相互作用而产生的非零对角元可能为量子热化提供更多的新的可能性。

英文摘要:

We study the role of the system-bath coupling for the generalized canonical thermalization [S. Popescu, et al., Nature Physics 2,754(2006) and S. Goldstein et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 050403(2006)] that reduces almost all the pure states of the "universe" [formed by a system S plus its surrounding heat bath $B$] to a canonical equilibrium state of S. We present an exactly solvable, but universal model for this kinematic thermalization with an explicit consideration about the energy shell deformation due to the interaction between S and B. By calculating the state numbers of the "universe" and its subsystems S and B in various deformed energy shells, it is found that, for the overwhelming majority of the "universe" states (they are entangled at least), the diagonal canonical typicality remains robust with respect to finite interactions between S and B. Particularly, the kinematic decoherence is utilized here to account for the vanishing of the off-diagonal elements of the reduced density matrix of S. It is pointed out that the non-vanishing off-diagonal elements due to the finiteness of bath and the stronger system-bath interaction might offer more novelties of the quantum thermalization.

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