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arXiv quant-ph/0611175quant-ph
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量子光放大的热力学分析

Thermodynamic analysis of quantum light amplification

E. Boukobza D. J. Tannor

摘要:

在Scovil和Schulz-DuBois的开创性工作[Phys. Rev. Lett. 2,262(1959)]。在这项工作中,我们考虑相同的三能级模型,但处理的物质和光量子力学。具体地说,我们分析了一个扩展的(三能级)耗散Jaynes-Cummings模型(ED-JCM)的量子热机的框架内,使用新的公式热通量和功率在我们以前的工作[E. Boukobza和D. J. Tannor,PRA(in press)]。放大选定的腔模式发生,即使在这个简单的模型,看到一个积极的稳态功率。然而,初始场相干性丢失,如通过衰减的非对角场密度矩阵元素和通过Husimi-Kano Q函数所看到的。我们表明,在初始的瞬态时间后,场的熵线性上升,在引擎的操作过程中,我们归因于耗散性质的演变,而不是物质场纠缠。我们表明,热力学第二定律是满意的两个配方(克劳修斯,卡诺)和ED-JCM热机的效率同意直观定义的Scovil和舒尔茨-杜波依斯。最后,我们比较了全量子模型和半经典ED-JCM模型的稳态热流和功率,并从基本热力学通量解析地推导了Scovil和Schulz-DuBois的发动机效率公式。

英文摘要:

Thermodynamics of a three-level maser was studied in the pioneering work of Scovil and Schulz-DuBois [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2, 262 (1959)]. In this work we consider the same three-level model, but treat both the matter and light quantum mechanically. Specifically, we analyze an extended (three-level) dissipative Jaynes-Cummings model (ED-JCM) within the framework of a quantum heat engine, using novel formulas for heat flux and power in bipartite systems introduced in our previous work [E. Boukobza and D. J. Tannor, PRA (in press)]. Amplification of the selected cavity mode occurs even in this simple model, as seen by a positive steady state power. However, initial field coherence is lost, as seen by the decaying off-diagonal field density matrix elements, and by the Husimi-Kano Q function. We show that after an initial transient time the field's entropy rises linearly during the operation of the engine, which we attribute to the dissipative nature of the evolution and not to matter-field entanglement. We show that the second law of thermodynamics is satisfied in two formulations (Clausius, Carnot) and that the efficiency of the ED-JCM heat engine agrees with that defined intuitively by Scovil and Schulz-DuBois. Finally, we compare the steady state heat flux and power of the fully quantum model with the semiclassical counterpart of the ED-JCM, and derive the engine efficiency formula of Scovil and Schulz-DuBois analytically from fundamental thermodynamic fluxes.

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