粗糙波导中中子的引力量子态
Gravitational quantum states of neutrons in a rough waveguide
摘要：
本文提出了超冷中子在有吸收/散射壁波导中的引力量子态理论。该理论涵盖了最近的实验，其中超冷中子在镜子和粗糙的散射体/吸收体之间发射。分析是基于最近开发的理论，量子运输沿随机粗糙的墙壁，修改，以包括泄漏（吸收）接口，更重要的是，低振幅高孔径粗糙度。计算集中在一个政权时，直接过渡到连续谱以上的吸收阈值占主导地位的中子从引力状态的耗尽，是更有效的比涉及的中间状态的过程。中子计数的理论结果是敏感的相关半径（横向尺寸）的表面不均匀性和粒子能量的吸收阈值在弱粗糙度限制的比率。观测更高引力态的主要障碍是粒子波函数的“悬垂”，这只能通过使用具有强粗糙度的散射体来克服。一般来说，如果只想探测单个引力态，那么高振幅的强粗糙度实验是优选的，而小振幅、高孔径的强粗糙度实验则更适合于数据的定量分析。我们还讨论了如何进一步提高计算的准确性和优化实验制度。
英文摘要：
A theory of gravitational quantum states of ultracold neutrons in waveguides with absorbing/scattering walls is presented. The theory covers recent experiments in which the ultracold neutrons were beamed between a mirror and a rough scatterer/absorber. The analysis is based on a recently developed theory of quantum transport along random rough walls which is modified in order to include leaky (absorbing) interfaces and, more importantly, the low-amplitude high-aperture roughness. The calculations are focused on a regime when the direct transitions into the continuous spectrum above the absorption threshold dominate the depletion of neutrons from the gravitational states and are more efficient than the processes involving the intermediate states. The theoretical results for the neutron count are sensitive to the correlation radius (lateral size) of surface inhomogeneities and to the ratio of the particle energy to the absorption threshold in a weak roughness limit. The main impediment for observation of the higher gravitational states is the "overhang" of the particle wave functions which can be overcome only by use scatterers with strong roughness. In general, the strong roughness with high amplitude is preferable if one wants just to detect the individual gravitational states, while the strong roughness experiments with small amplitude and high aperture are preferable for the quantitative analysis of the data. We also discuss the ways to further improve the accuracy of calculations and to optimize the experimental regime.
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