量子力学中的定域关联自由度
Localising Relational Degrees of Freedom in Quantum Mechanics
摘要：
本论文提出了一个广泛的研究本地化的关系自由度。深入研究了三个物理系统，每个系统都建立在一个简单的基于测量的过程上。对于每一个物理系统-光从独立的来源泄漏到一个分束器由光电探测器监测，空间干涉玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体提取单独的准备程序，和离域的大质量粒子或镜子散射光这是在远场检测-论文研究的主要特点的基本过程的本地化，并探讨了系统的诱导测量后状态的性质。一系列的分析和数值方法被使用。许多新的结果-例如，混合初始状态的情况下被认为是除了更普遍认为是纯态。到目前为止，很少有人试图详细阐述与具体物理实例有关的研究的共同主题。本文针对这一问题，提出了一种可以广泛应用的“工作方式”。各种具体的应用被认为是-无论是在受控实验室实验的背景下，并以了解自然界中发生的过程。第一章对本文进行了介绍和总结。第二章研究正则干涉过程中相对光相位的局域化。这一讨论在第三章中得到了推广和应用。第四章讨论了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体干涉实验中原子相对相位的局域化问题。第五章探讨了散射光的粒子之间相对位置的出现。第六章是论文的结尾展望。
英文摘要：
This thesis presents a wide-ranging study of localising relational degrees of freedom. Three physical systems are studied in depth, each built upon a simple measurement-based process. For each physical system - light from independent sources leaking onto a beam splitter monitored by photodetectors, spatially interfering Bose-Einstein condensates extracted from separate preparation procedures, and delocalised massive particles or mirrors scattering light which is detected in the far-field - the thesis investigates the key features of the underlying process of localisation, and explores the properties of the induced post-measurement states of the system. A range of analytical and numerical methods are used. Many new results are presented - for example, cases of mixed initial states are considered in addition to the more commonly considered pure states. Up to now there has been little attempt to develop in detail the themes common to studies concerned with specific physical examples. This thesis addresses this, and sets out a "modus operandi" that can be applied widely. A variety of specific applications are considered - both in the context of controlled laboratory experiments, and with a view to understanding processes occurring in nature. The thesis is introduced and summarised in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 studies localising relative optical phase in the canonical interference process. This discussion is extended and applied in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 discusses localising relative atomic phase in interference experiments with Bose-Einstein condensates. The emergence of relative positions between particles scattering light is explored in Chapter 5. The thesis concludes with an Outlook, Chapter 6.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
