arXiv quant-ph/05030062005-03quant-ph

任何都不是全部：EPR和爱因斯坦-托尔曼-波多尔斯基论文

Any is not all: EPR and the Einstein-Tolman-Podolsky paper

Charles Tresser

备注：: 4 pages, no figure. The text has been changed to reflect comments and suggestions that I got during lectures and further comments and suggestions made by colleagues. The wording has been changed, as the one in the new version of quant-ph/0501030

摘要：

在波姆版本的EPR gedanken实验中，沿着任何矢量的第二个粒子的自旋都是沿着同一矢量的另一个粒子的自旋的负。看起来，要么是第一个粒子的自旋所投射的矢量的选择以超光速影响了第二个粒子的状态，要么是天真的现实主义成立，即，在进行任何测量之前确定任何EPR粒子的自旋沿所有矢量的投影）。朴素实在论被贝尔的理论所否定，贝尔的理论起源于非定域性，并且仍然经常被认为与非定域性有关，这种关系的必要性最近被证明是错误的。我在这里主张，表观悖论的解决之道在于，第二个粒子的自旋是沿着任何矢量确定的，但不是沿着所有矢量。这种任意-全部的区别在量子力学中已经存在，例如，由于不确定原理，自旋可以沿着任何矢量测量，但不能同时沿着所有矢量测量。这里所辩护的任意-所有区别的时间对称性实际上让人想起（我声称，这是由于）爱因斯坦、托尔曼和波多尔斯基在1931年的一篇题为《量子力学中的过去和未来知识》的论文中描述的不确定原理的时间对称性，这足以否定天真的实在论，并暗示任意-所有的区别。接下来建立一个简单的经典模型，它捕捉了任何-所有区别的各个方面：目标当然不是拥有一个经典的精确模型，而是提供一个可能帮助某些人的漫画。

英文摘要：

In Bohm's version of the EPR gedanken experiment, the spin of the second particle along any vector is minus the spin of the other particle along the same vector. It seems that either the choice of vector along which one projects the spin of the first particle influences at superluminal speed the state of the second particle, or naive realism holds true i.e., the projections of the spin of any EPR particle along all the vectors are determined before any measurement occurs). Naive realism is negated by Bell's theory that originated and is still most often presented as related to non-locality, a relation whose necessity has recently been proven to be false. I advocate here that the solution of the apparent paradox lies in the fact that the spin of the second particle is determined along any vector, but not along all vectors. Such an any-all distinction was already present in quantum mechanics, for instance in the fact that the spin can be measured along any vector but not at once along all vectors, as a result of the Uncertainty Principle. The time symmetry of the any-all distinction defended here is in fact reminiscent of (and I claim, due to) the time symmetry of the Uncertainty Principle described by Einstein, Tolman, and Podolsky in 1931, in a paper entitled ``Knowledge of Past and Future in Quantum Mechanics" that is enough to negate naive realism and to hint at the any-all distinction. A simple classical model is next built, which captures aspects of the any-all distinction: the goal is of course not to have a classical exact model, but to provide a caricature that might help some people.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

摘要：

英文摘要：

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